Yellow Woman

people’s interactions with the antelope, or as she calls them, The Antelope People, and the way her people hunted them. A reader takes away not only a feeling of deep respect, which the Laguna Pueblo people had for their fellow Earth inhabitants, but also a feeling of unity like there really was or is no difference between the hunter and the hunted, just their roles, given to them by chance and instinct. This reverence for animal life reflects a much deeper world view held by Leslie Marmon Silko, an outlook of respect for the Earth itself.In her book, Silko goes on to tell her people’s tale of the Earth’s origin. The Laguna Pueblo people have a more personal relationship with their planet than most. Perhaps it is the fantastic nature of their origin, or the way the myth was kept through word of mouth, from trusted elder to younger generations, whatever the reason, it is clear that Silko has inherited this unity with the earth and is hurt by the way it and it†™s inhabitants are treated both man and animal.In the section of Silko’s book titled: Interior and Exterior Landscapes: The Pueblo Migration Stories, the author describes the Laguna Pueblo people’s relationship with the hunted but more than that, without obviously doing so, she compares the hunting of the animals to the plight of her own people in the modern world. The native people of the Laguna Pueblo used resources sustainably and did so by maintaing a respect for all things, living and dead.Early in the section Leslie Marmon Silko speaks of her people’s burial traditions; she writes â€Å"Archaeologists have remarked over formal burials complete with elaborate funerary objects excavated in trash middens of abandoned rooms. † (Silko 26) The Laguna Pueblo people buried their dead with possessions and often laid them to rest under rooms in their own houses. The Laguna Pueblo had a respect for the dead like many other cultures, but unlike many cultures the passing of a tribe member did not mean a total absence from life, the person was and is still very much present and a member of the tribe.The departed become the world, as they always have been and their body becomes the soil and the plant, so in some respect, the dead are much more present than the living. This failure to differentiate between who is with us and who is not ends up doing a lot for the tribes spirituality. It means that respecting the earth also means respecting one’s ancestors, and to have the dead all around you, in the Earth’s teeming life, allows the tribe to take and give with the Earth in equal amounts. Likewise, the people of the Laguna Pueblo how animals a similar respect that they give to their dead. Silko explains that â€Å"Waste of meat or even the thoughtless handling of bones cooked bare will offend the antelope spirits. † (Silko 29). This goes back to Silko’s sense of earthly and heavenly unity, a true mutual respect for earth, man, and animal requires equality or oneness with everything. This achievement, preached in many religions, most of all Buddhism, is the product of realizing how much we as humans depend on the Earth.Forgetting that everything we have and all that we consume comes from one planet can cause the degradation of resources and disrespect for populations, be them man or animal. Being constantly reminded, through word of mouth and total interaction with nature, gave the native people an outlook on life rarely mimicked, but in constant need. Silko tells us on page 27 that the Laguna Pueblo people called the earth the â€Å"Mother Creator†, these two titles mother and creator give the Earth a godlike identity. Being both the mother and the father, the Earth is to be respected as one would honor their own parents.Making the Earth your God seems logical considering it contains us and provides for us all, encompassing every need we may have. The ironic thing is the Laguna Pueblo people gave the Earth such huge properties without actually exploring all the territories and oceans the world had. Just by observing the grandeur of nature and its beauty the people knew just how big the world is. By giving the world so much esteem the Laguna Pueblo elders lay the road ahead towards peaceful and respectful livelihoods that could last lifetimes if not corrupted.When one reviews all these ideas and traditions separately they may seem unique but not really an outlook on life. Upon combining these we see a people with a deep reverence for everything natural. The respect for dead lets an outsider know that the people believe in more than they can see and therefore have the philosophical thought to apply meaning to otherwise common objects like animals and plants. It signifies an understanding that the world is more than just what we can see.The respect for animals allows the foreigner to understand the lack of hierarchy that exists for these people. Silko makes it clear that the Laguna Pueblo people do not consider themselves better than the antelope they hunt, only that they have needs that can be met by nature and those that reside in it, and it is only natural for being to take from another in order to survive. In taking though, they remember to always give back to the Mother Creator, with prayer, and to always be grateful, with a constant observation of natural order and the way things ought to be.

Online Shopping: Risks and Benefits

There has long been a need for the consumer to purchase goods without ever having to leave their home. The industry started with mail order catalogs such as Sears Roebuck that offered consumers the convenience to order goods without having to travel a long distance to see what was available. The catalog offered everything from clothing to toys, and even farming equipment that made it easier for early American families to purchase goods without having to travel to a city possibly hundreds of miles away. The industry has come a long way since the golden years of the Sears catalog. When the personal computer was invented in 1976 people were astonished at its power. After later development and the PC went on the market for all Americans to purchase, it couldn’t do much more than word processing and simplified record keeping, but when the PC was connected to the World Wide Web in 1989, the personal computer began to become a household item. The World Wide Web or better known simply as the internet, allowed users to access files, information, pictures, video, shop online, and much more. The internet connects a personal computer to servers which connect computers from all around the world. Despite danger, the benefits of online shopping can outweigh the risks. Ever since the invention of the personal computer and the World Wide Web, consumers have become more and more eager to shop online. Shopping online can give a great advantage to many people. Shopping online also has many risks and disadvantages that could arguably equal or outweigh the benefits. When parents spoke of going shopping 20 years ago, it meant get ready and get in the car. Today, it can mean either to get ready to go somewhere or go to the computer and get your credit card ready. Most people shop online for the convenience. Customers never have to leave their home and can do all of their shopping from the living room couch, which eliminates crowds, stress and the forsaken checkout line. Another convenience is that a website cannot turn out its lights and lock the door. Online stores in the US and Canada are also always open 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, 365 days a year. The customer never has to worry about getting to a store before it closes, or waiting for it to open. This makes online shopping, to most people, the most convenient form of shopping (Hobbs). Another advantage of shopping online is that it allows customers to shop or browse through many different categories of items. The internet also allows people to shop from places located hundreds of miles away and even around the world. If someone needs something from across the country that is not available in their area, it is more efficient to order online rather than traveling a great distance to purchase the item (Hobbs). Shopping online is also faster and simpler than using a mail order catalog. It is easy to find just about anything you want to buy online versus getting in a car and driving to numerous stores while having to worry about things like finding a parking spot, burning fuel, and navigating through traffic only to look at items you may or may not be interested in at a brick and mortar store (Fabiola). Online shoppers are also less susceptible to impulse items. Every item found in a retail store is strategically placed to maximize sales in that particular store (Romeo). For example, at home watching television and all of the sudden the screen goes black because the dog just chewed the cable to the TV. A trip to the nearest retail store is required just to purchase a replacement cable. Retailers often strategically place items with enticing prices which could easily lead to the customer coming home with a new TV and not a replacement cable that would have fixed your old one. This is a good example of impulse shopping. This is what retail stores want customers to do. They fill end caps and stack-bases with products they know customers will buy if they are visible but are not a planned purchase. Shopping online takes most of that away. There aren’t shelves to place impulse items on for customers to see on their way in or way out of the door. The customer can click on what they need, purchase it, and be finished. When customers shop online, it is far easier to compare prices at different online stores than it is to compare prices of retail stores. When shopping online one can browse seamlessly site after site and even tab between different online stores with just the press of a button. When comparing prices from retail and outlet stores, it means looking at sales papers and going from store to store to hunt down that great deal which can consume a great deal of time (Hobbs). Many people have been skeptical about shopping online. With its benefits, also come great risks and disadvantages. One of the most common problems with shopping online is security. When purchasing an item off the internet, it is important to know that the site is secure (Snowdon). Personal information such as credit card numbers, addresses, and even personal computers need to be protected from any type of threat. There are sites that are built specifically just to phish information like email addresses, usernames, and passwords; therefore, when consumers want to make a purchase online, they really have to trust the site and know it is secure and that their information is not at risk. Another disadvantage of shopping online is that it is not a hands-on purchase. Customers like to see and hold what they are buying in person. When shopping online, there is an image of the product, but the box cannot be opened to be sure it isn’t damaged. When there is a picture of the item, it’s more than likely not the exact one you will receive (Jessica). For example, when purchasing a scented candle or even a bottle of perfume online, it is impossible to test the scent. Some sites offer sample scent cards that can be sent through the mail to be sure you like what you are ordering, but they don’t usually offer that unless you are making a large purchase. Frequent online shoppers know all about expedited shipping. This is one of the most dreaded downfalls of online shopping. When purchasing an item at a retail store, it goes with the customer when the transaction is complete. The clerk puts the purchase in a bag and the customer walks out the door and goes home. When shopping online, there is almost never an instance where one can get the purchase the same day unless there is in-store pickup from a major retail store that’s nearby with the item already in stock. Prices are usually cheaper online, but shipping cost always has to be factored in to the total. Sometimes online merchants offer free shipping on items over a certain amount, but most likely the customer will have to pay some sort of shipping cost. Then, there is always the wait. Depending on shipping specifications, delivery could be the next day if you pay extra, but usually shipping takes one to four weeks depending on the size of the item and the company who delivers it (Chits). I believe that online shopping will grow for years to come. It is getting safer and harder for hackers to break into online sites. Shopping online is more convenient for some items like electronics, car parts, office supplies, and other items that may just inconvenience someone to go out for or for and item that may not be available in your area, but I also believe that shopping online will never replace the old fashioned retail store. Customers will always want to try on their jeans to make sure they fit before they purchase them, and see what is new on the market every time they go out. People love to go out and shop. They love the experience, even though some people would disagree. But, how would you feel if you did all of your shopping online? Never going to a store and never and seeing the actual item they are buying. You would get tired of sending things back and not getting what you thought you were buying. Online shopping is definitely a great shopping tool but all that glitters is not gold.

Trade and world output Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Trade and world output - Essay Example This paper seeks to not only survey what trade and world output are all about but to also show their relation. Trade may be construed top refer to the business of transacting i.e. buying and selling of securities or commodities. It is also called commerce. Alternatively, trade may also refer to the willing transfer of goods or services or a combination of both from one party to another. One party is termed as the seller and the other the buyer or consumer. Therefore, for a transaction to be complete, and therefore say that trade has taken place, there must be the buyer, the seller, the commodity presented as goods or services or both and above all willingness for transfer of the commodities at agreed terms. Initially, the kind of trade done by our fore fathers was mainly barter trade but presently, many businessmen negotiate transactions through a medium of exchange called money. The two many types of trades may be distinguished by the number of parties involved in a transaction. For instance, trade between two traders or businessmen is termed as bilateral trade whereas that between more tha n two is said to be multilateral trade (US Congress, 1984). On the other hand the concept of world output needs to be understood before its relationship with trade can be highlighted. World Output is also called Gross world product (GWP) and it is the sum total Gross National Product (GNP) of all the nations in the whole world. Further, to understand GWP, there is need to define what GNP is all about. GNP is the measure of the average output of a country. Therefore, when all the average outputs of all countries in the world are added together they give the GWP. Gross Domestic Product, GDP also called Gross Domestic Income, GDI, of a country is the is the total cost of all the finished goods and services produced that particular country within stipulated period of time (usually a year). The other meaning of GDP is the sum total of all profits at every level of production of the finished goods and products in a country in a year. GDP is slightly different from GNP in that GNP, in its calculation includes foreign income usually in terms of inve stment which is not the case with GDP. Therefore, as said earlier, the GNP of each country is very important in the determination of the world output (Stutely, 2003). In the establishment of the relation between GNP and world output otherwise called GWP trade is implied because GNP is said to be the measure of the output of nationals in a given country. It usually focuses mainly on the parties that own the production. For instance, the measure of GNP revolves around American firms without regard of their location. The firms are the owners of production and this production is nothing without trade. Come to think of production: Purchase of raw material, conversion into finished goods and selling of the finished goods. So you reckon that trade is at every level of production and this production determined GNP ant this automatically tells us that trade determines or rather plays a major role in GNP and since sum total of GNP of all countries realizes the GWP, then trade determines GWP. This conclusion points to the relation between trade and world output (GWP) which simply boils down to a simple statement that the more the trade either bilateral or m ultilateral, the more the world output and vice versa. In 2005 the GWP rose by 4%. The growth was of course caused by increments in GNP of most countries with China leading the list with 9.3% followed by

Summary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 14

Summary - Essay Example into mainstream America but, attainment of the said integration entailed the battling and resistance of WASP America’s discrimination and prejudices. The history of Italian immigration to America provides a context for understanding the reason why they initial occupied the lower tier of the European ethnic immigration groups. Quite simply stated, Italian immigration to the United States did not begin in earnest until the late nineteenth century, lasting to the early twentieth, making this one of the last of the European ethnic groups to immigrate to this country. As both late immigrants and, of course, Catholics, they stood out from mainstream, White Anglo-Saxon Protestant, America. Italian immigrants did not only stand out because of their religious affiliation or their late arrival to America but because of their association with organized crime. The linkage, real and not assumed, between leading members of the Italian American community and the Sicilian mafia, and their transplantation of the Sicilian organized crime model to the United States, fuelled mainstream America’s prejudices towards Italian immigrants. Perceived of as either Mafioso or petty criminals, they were relegated to the bottom of the social hierarchy and actively barred from public office, a significant number of educational institutions and even social clubs. By the third generation, however, prejudices had eroded. The Italian American community had gradually inserted itself into mainstream America through the adoption of the core culture. The third generation’s evident Americanism significantly facilitated this group’s integration and their increasing success at upward social mobility solidified their status as Americans who happened to be of Italian descent, as opposed to Italian Americans. At the present time, this ethnic group stands at or above the national average insofar as all of income, education and occupation are concerned. As with the Italians, the Jews are late

Class is Policy,Law,Ethic.....Topic is Policy Boundaries Research Paper

Class is Policy,Law,Ethic.....Topic is Policy Boundaries - Research Paper Example In this context, nurses leader hold both the qualities and capacities of employees as well as managers. These requirements define the element of the working relations within the institution. This provides the need to define the policy boundaries for the issue of nurse management strategies to apply in the institution. Historically, the issue of leadership pertains to an emergent relationship among the nurses within a relatively sensitive field. The quality of healthcare achieved within the nursing facility matters a great deal considering the sentimental value attached to nursing practice. Since the time of Florence Nightingale, the most compassionate and successful nurse of historical times, to the current nursing fraternity, the profession continues to evolve remarkably with respect to the nursing management capacity and working relations. The success of nursing leadership style determines the consequential achievement and utilization of available resource of labor in delivering services. As a nurse practitioner, I realize the need for understanding the capacity of leadership from a personal experience. In this practice, I had the opportunity to serve under various nurse leaders that managed the facilities I worked within. In this course, I encountered the leadership of nursing institution from the perspective of a compassionate, team-spirited nurse leader, and that of an authoritarian leader who managed and drove all aspects of decision making without regard for the other staff. These leadership styles in their application within the current working space of the nurses caused various observable features that create the need to evaluate leadership styles as applied by nurses within the management capacity of the nursing institutions. The observable trends in the nursing facilities experiences both aspects of leadership styles with respect to the contextual

Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 64

Essay Example This is true since German is home to great world literature, art and philosophers (Adams 76). Unlike American values where a stranger is first welcomed by the hosts, Germans expect the stranger to begin the conversation unless they have been officially invited in a group. Germans also expect small gifts mainly wine as a show of appreciation when invited for a certain ceremony unlike Americans who insist on flowers and perfumes (Adams 80). Another character trait is loyalty which Germans have developed since the Second World War II. Loyalty is mainly expected at the family and national level, but some critics assert that it is extreme fanatical nationalism. Germans perceive themselves as superior and usually stand firm in unity due to the spirit of comradeship. Germans pride themselves as they believe one never tells lies unless they believe in such lies. American values are liberal since Americans often differ in opinions and major national issues (Adams 100). Germans in their culture and character traits are considered argumentative, sincere and loyal. Strangers are expected to begin conversations while a small gift of wine or alcohol is considered as a show of politeness and

Microenomomic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Microenomomic - Essay Example If we consider an office style or look during 1986 to 1996 we can find a very large great development. Offices in those days were not having air conditioners, highly glazed tiles and never use to consider to place an office in the posh localities of the city. The ideology of having an office was to a business in a marked place where potential consumers throng at a particular place. So having a shop or an office at that place was enough. So this was the primary reason why office development was not so significant during the decade. Considering an in-depth analysis as to why an office development is needed. If a business done by that office is very sophisticated, to the tune of lakhs and crores of money, or if the business demands such high class office. Only there we can say that there will be a significant development in the office layout or the structure. The above conditions were considered only during that decade 1986-1996. That was the mindset of people in those days. Considering from the year 1986 there were no business which were very sophisticated only some of the business like car dealer show rooms or a photo studios were to be very tastefully established even here also there is a reason behind the offices to be so classy. The money involved behind the car and photo studio business was very high compared to the other businesses. Even today if we see car and studio business make large business then many small business. From the above examples it is clear then office development is directly related to the money involved. Office development activity was concluded t be very show process since it would involve money and time and also down time for several business applications. Even renovations take time. But the need for office development comes with its demand for posh office. During the percent of the population residing I rented homes. Every other person use to have their own home. While setting up an office, land value was not at all a constraining factor for the businessmen. After the death of the great Indian leaders Mrs.Indira Ghandi made many restrictions put by her were removed by her son Rajiv Ghand paved a way to a new beginning to a developed living and well-being. Real estates business was almost nil in the first decade. The primary potential of business in India being agriculture, the land values were very low. The traders and dealers who were to buy crops from the farmers and small peasants and who were situated in cities were to have nicely decorated offices and large go downs. More ove r the advanced material required to construct posh offices were not available at that time in the Indian market. Offices those days were but and decorated with whatever material was available in local market. Behind every activity there comes the need were there was not necessity too hence state of the art offices It was only after the then Prime Minister Rajiv Ghandhi lifted the sanctions in 1988 put by Indira Ghandi . The multi national company started the operations soon after the sanctions were lifted. This slowly stated the development of particular fields like information technology and telecom etc. This was a major revolution as far as development corporate sector was considered. As I have mentioned earlier there should be a need for any activity, IT and Telecom were the key reasons behind the developmental activity which involved

World Paper Company - Finance Case 18 Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

World Paper Company - Finance 18 - Case Study Example The initial outlay cash flow is the total cost of the investment which is set at $18 million. The initial outlay consists of investment capital, net working costs, set up and transport cost, and training costs. After-tax salvage value of the old assets is subtracted from the initial outlay when making replacement decision (Tham & Pareja, 2004). The annual after-tax cash flows (ATCF) refer to the incremental after-tax cash flows that are expected from the investment. The company’s ATCF cash flows can either fall into these four categories: Tax savings resulting from depreciation (set at 40 percent), incremental income (positive cash flow) (set at 10 percent), incremental expenses (negative cash flow) or savings (positive cash flow), and lost cash flows (negative cash flow) resulting from the existing project activities (set at 15 percent) (Tham & Pareja, 2004). In investment scenario, lost cash flow is an opportunity cost. Terminal cash flow is the cash flows that are extra ordinary at the end of the project’s life. In the case study, it components will include shut-down costs, estimated salvage value (is set at zero), and recovery of the improved net working capital (is set at 10 percent of the recoverable capital). Reasons: (1) Worldwide Plant Company has not changed its WACC in 10 years. (2) The company has a policy to utilize its corporate Cost of Capital to analyze investment opportunities (Tham & Pareja, 2004). The Company should invest in the new longwood Woodyard. This is because the outlay capital ($18 million) and the incremental investment in working capital over the next 6 years will be of significant benefit to the

The effects of video games on children Research Paper

The effects of video games on children - Research Paper Example It will also expound on how video games have contributed to impairment of children’s morals. According to Positive and Negative Effects of Video Games (1) and Children and Video Games: Playing with Violence (1), video games enhance children to develop hand-eye coordination. This is because of the involvement of both hands and eyes in playing these games. For instance, when children play football matches on their computers, they ensure their fingers are on the right keys whereas their eyes are glued on the screen. Video games also enable children to become creative and quick in thinking. In most occasions, children playing games are obliged to make rapid steps required in order to win the game. It is also evident that video games are associated with an increase in attentiveness of young children. This is evidenced by the much attention paid to the games by the participants. Additionally, video games make children become cautious in whatever activities they do life(Balter 667). For instance, they make children not to take anything for granting. They also make children have the habit of utilizing any presented chance effectively. It is also apparent that occasional interaction with video games makes children develop crucial skills in life. For instance, video games have been found to not only contribute to the development of math and reading skills in children, but also enable them recognize some patterns that need to be addressed (Children and Video Games: Playing with Violence 1). This is evidenced by the calculations associated with the video games. Thus, it is convincible that video games make children become good in algebra. It is also evident that most children that take part in playing video games learn about some things in life faster than those who do not take part in playing any game. Thus, it is apparent that video games aid in the development of

Micro and Nanotechnology Adoption by the Pharmaceutical Industry Essay Example for Free

Micro and Nanotechnology Adoption by the Pharmaceutical Industry Essay Micro and nanotechnology is starting to show promise in the pharmaceutical industry. The two key questions in this field are ‘what is nanotech’ and ‘aren’t all drugs nanotech – after all, they are in the nano size range’. These can be answered fairly simply; Nanotechnology is where the nano-size of a substance affects its activity – the size placing the substance at the interface between quantum and material effects. The classic example to demonstrate these effects is that of gold nanoparticles. Bulk gold is insoluble and metallic-yellow in colour. However, once the gold is formulated as a nanoparticle it is soluble and the size of the particle determines its colour – from bright blue to vivid red. Two key areas where nanotechnology is showing promise in the pharmaceuticals industry are tools for drug discovery, and secondly in formulation and delivery systems. In the development of tools to support drug discovery, nanotechnology is developing a trend to move away from high throughput to high content screening, where greater information on fewer compounds is achieved. As our knowledge about drug-target interactions increases, it is becoming apparent that high-volume/low-content screening can miss extremely interesting interactions and effects. For example, SPR biosensors can detect a ligand binding step and measure the binding constants. But it cannot measure surface stresses caused by binding, which are an important factor for example in antibiotic efficacy against MRSA and VRE. Here nanomechanical cantilevers have been shown to be effective in providing extremely elegant information that can explain the difference between various drugs that appear to have the same binding kinetics.[i] The move to high content screening has been slow due to the large investments in high throughput screening laboratories and so new systems need to be compatible. However, where systems are compatible with these techniques – for example using 96 well plate platforms, adoption is possible. As a result, improvements and adoption is currently iterative, rather than revolutionary, but it is happening. With regards to nanotechnology in formulation and delivery science, there are a number of early adopters of nanotechnology in the pharmaceutical industry. Table 1 shows a number of types of nanoparticle formulations that are already approved for marketing. The full list of approved ‘nano-enabled’ products is very small and those that have made it to the market are generally reformulations of existing generic drugs. We are still awaiting the second-generation nanodrug, where the nano-effect is integral to the product activity. Nanotechnology appears to be following the classic technology adoption curve as shown in Figure 1. This shows the bell-shaped adoption curve for any technology, overlaid by the technology acceptance line. Nanotechnology appears to have passed through the hype and trough and is now starting to be slowly adopted. It appears that the problem for nanotechnology in formulation is one of risk. Companies need to get their products to market quickly to allow as much market exclusivity time as possible not to recoup their investment, as this is a sunk cost, but to recoup the cost of developing future drugs, the cost of which is becoming ever more expensive. The Tufts Center for Drug Development estimated that the cost of bringing a single drug to market was in the order of $1.2 billion in 2008, compared to $802 million in 2000.[ii],[iii] Given these issues, companies won’t adopt new technology unless they know that the technology has a clear and fast route to approval. This is particularly poignant in drug formulation and other rate-limiting activities that occur post-patent filing. Once a patent is filed, the clock is ticking on the product’s life. If a product is going to be a $1billion a year blockbuster, lost revenues will be at least $2.7 million for every day a product is held from the market. This produces a catch 22 scenario; no-one will take the risk to demonstrate a new technology, especially if it is competing with existing and proven methods, so no-one will see a clear adoption path and use it. This is reminiscent of the fledgling biotech industry 15-20 years ago. Pharma was focussed on small molecules and didn’t want to risk bringing into their portfolio relatively unstable products, with complex manufacturing methods and which were without a clear regulatory pathway. Now however, many traditional large-pharma refer to themselves as biopharma companies and Amgen and Genentech (prior to the Roche purchase) are in the top twenty pharma by revenue. Early adopters, such as Abraxis and Elan, have started to clear a pathway to approval, but as yet no company has developed a true nanodrug – ie one which was conceived as a nano-enabled product from first principles as opposed to using nano-formulation on existing products. Nanotech has a lot to offer the pharmaceuticals industry and if it follows previous technology examples such as biotech, the successful early adopters will reap the rewards. It still has a number of hurdles to leap, such as a clear regulatory pathway and a demonstration of value above and beyond current technologies, before it can become mainstream. However, there are significant efforts by industry and governments to help it to jump the technology adoption gap quickly and ensure it can assist in developing the next generation of products that are needed to solve some of the significant unmet medical needs faced by patients and healthcare professionals. [i] Ndieyira, J. W. et al. Nanomechanical detection of antibiotic–mucopeptide binding in a model for superbug drug resistance. Nature Nanotech. 3, 691-696 (2008). [ii] Outlook 2008, Tufts Center for Drug Discovery (Available at http://csdd.tufts.edu/InfoServices/ OutlookReportsRequest.asp) [iii] Outlook 2000, Tufts Center for Drug Discovery (Available at http://csdd.tufts.edu/InfoServices/ OutlookReportsRequest.asp)

What is dyslexia?

What is dyslexia?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  It has been 100 years since the first case of developmental dyslexia was described. Hitherto numerous researches had shed light on the causes and consequences of this disorder but the debate concerning its definition is still highly contented. In this essay, I will first answer the question of what is dyslexia and then move to the debate of whether it has a genetic basis.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Firstly, I will introduce what has been done in the early research of dyslexia and then tried to find a definition for us to understand dyslexia properly. Secondly, I will introduce the research for supporting the view that dyslexia has a genetic basis. 1.1 Early history of research on dyslexia   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Reading, a complex behavior that requires a set of cognitive skills, has been highly valued by society and is a key component to education. An inability to read has profound social and psychological consequences. Several scholars in the 19th century studied the loss of the ability to read or understand writing.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Kurrmaul in 1877 describe the reading difficulties of literate brain-damaged patients as word-blindness. It is only in 1887 that a German ophthalmologist, R Berlin, first used the word ‘dyslexia to describe reading difficulties caused by cerebral disease or injury. However, having read articles published by Hinshelwood in the 1890s and early 1900s, W.P Morgan (1895) points out that a patient can be suffering from dyslexia without cerebral disease or injury. He quotes the case of a boy who has reading difficulties even though he has suffered no apparent brain damage. Though for a long time, the problem of dyslexia is widely studied, dyslexia was not a common knowledge for more than half a century and the concept of dyslexia was not familiar and unclear to many people. People need to understand what dyslexia is in order to help ones inflicted with the disease. 1.2 The definition of dyslexia   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Dyslexia is a neurological disorder with a genetic origin and behavioral signs which extend beyond problems of written language. Early research confined the dyslexia into a medical model and thus clinical practice fail to distinguish a dyslexia patient from normal readers. In the 1968 World Federation of Neurology meeting, a definition of dyslexia formally introduced and stated that dyslexia is a disorder manifested by difficulty in learning to read despite conventional instruction, adequate intelligence and socio-cultural opportunity. It is dependent upon fundamental cognitive disabilities which are mostly of constitutional origin. Many scholars criticize this definition. Firstly, the terms are vague as there are insufficient examples to illustrate conventional instruction or to point out the criteria of adequate intelligence and to explain the meaning of socio-cultural opportunity. These scholars point out that the biggest weakness of this definition is exclusio n. The definition only states what a person with dyslexia should not be and does not include criteria for its positive diagnosis other than to state that it is a reading difficulty dependent on fundamental cognitive disabilities (Snowling, 2004). Although its definition debatable, it is applied by the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders and the international classification of mental and behavioral disorders for many years.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Researchers have never stop on the medical model. Without positive diagnosis criterion, doctors cannot differentiate children with specific reading difficulties and children who have reading difficulties because of a more general learning problems. Scholars have adopted tests through the comparisons of verbal IQ (intelligence quotient) and performance on reading tests of children with reading retardation and skilled reader in a hope that it could identify the children with dyslexia. Nonetheless, a number of findings such as Morton and Frith (1995) highlighted that it is not correct to assume that literacy problems are the only symptoms of dyslexia. These tests are purely behavioral definitions and the diagnosis is relative. For instance, there are many examples that show discrepancies with the predictions carried out by those researches. Some dyslexia children after receiving highly effective training in decoding non-words would score well and many children with r eading problems can improve their reading ability by having a better relationship with their teachers. Overly depending on these tests as a short cut to diagnosis would run the risk of excluding dyslexic children with reading problems and involve children who only show mild positive signs of dyslexia. The definition that concerns dyslexia as synonymous with specific reading difficulty has failed to be self evidence because it only focuses solely on reading and IQ-test performance and other tests.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  One way out of this dilemma is to consider dyslexia as a disorder that has multi-levels of description. Rutter and Yule (1975) pointed out that the specific reading retardation is usually multi-factorially determined opposed to the claim that dyslexia is a unitary condition. Being a developmental disorder, dyslexia can be expected to have behavioral features that will change with maturation and response to environmental interactions (cf.Bishop, 1997). It may therefore be unrealistic to agree upon a simple and unchanging definition of dyslexia. Frith (1997) argued that there are causal links from brain to mind to behavior that must be considered when attempting to understand dyslexia. It is important to seek explanations at the three different levels in this causal chain namely the biological, the cognitive and the behavioral, in order to develop a comprehensive theory of why some children fail ‘unexpectedly&tsquo; to learn to read(Morton and Frith, 1995). Mo reover, the environmental factors will act as a stimulus to intensify or meliorate the condition of these three levels.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The common ground of the study of dyslexia, agrees that dyslexia is a neuro-development disorder with a biological origin and behavioral signs which extend far beyond problems of written language (Frith, 1997). The idea of dyslexia as a syndrome with a neurological basis springs from the work of Tim Miles, Elaine Miles and many intelligent students. It helps to solve the paradoxes that exist in defining dyslexia. Morton and Frith (1997) had developed a framework with three levels and environmental influence in a neutral view to describe a descriptive definition of dyslexia.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The past 15 years have seen a continuing increase in research effort aimed at identifying the biological underpinnings of dyslexia. Galaburda (1989) demonstrated abnormal symmetry in the structure of the planum temporal; Livingstone et al. (1991) identified cellular migration abnormalities in the magnocellular system of the brain which have been related to behavioral findings by Cornelissen et al.(1995). Genetic linkage studies with dyslexic families have identified regions on chromosomes 15, 1 and recently 6 (Cardon et al., 1994). Thus, restricting the discussion to behavioral observation is no longer necessary. This gap has been widened by cognitive neuro-science which insists that there is a space for the scientific study of the mind and brain and not just behavior (Frith, 1995). Cognitive level of explanation can be a bridge that links brain and behavior together. Cognitive abilities can be explained by Cognitive theories through observable behavior. The poor reading performance can be termed as a cognitive dysfunction which in turn can be explained by a brain dysfunction. In addition, this causal links chains from brain to mind to behavior has to be set within the context of environmental and cultural influences. Figure2(Mortan and Frith 1995)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  An illustration of the causal modeling of dyslexia with the hypothesis of a phonological deficit hypothesis now shows in figure 2. In this figure, Morton and Frith in 1995 argued that when we try to explain a developmental disorder, we have to make a distinction between different levels of description. In the biological level and environmental level, we can look for causes and cures and in the behavioral level we can observe and assess the patient. Then the cognitive level lies in between these levels and have links with the rest of the levels. Here, the intuitive clinical impression can be captured and that the presenting disorder is a distinct and recognizable entity despite variable symptoms. This notation enables different theories about a disorder to be represented in a neutral fashion (Frith, 1995). The proposal of a phonological deficit as the cognitive basis of dyslexia has a strong theoretical and empirical support that it has been widely accepted. Starti ng on the biological level of figure 2, it is supposed that there is a congenital dysfunction of left-hemisphere perisylvian brain areas which affects phonological processing (Galaburda, 1989; Paulesu et al., 1996; Rumsey et al., 1992). Furthermore, the evidence for a genetic origin of dyslexia is increasingly compelling (Pennington, 1990). However, this theory also has its pitfalls. One of the biggest weakness of the phonological theory is it does not effectively explain the occurrence of sensory and motor disorders in dyslexic individuals. People who support the phonological theory typically have dismissed these disorders as not part of the core features of dyslexia. They consider their co-occurrence with the phonological deficit as potential markers of dyslexia instead of treating them as a causal role in the aetiology of reading impairment (Snowling, 2000).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the domain of neauro-cognitive causes study of dyslexia, there are two other theories: the cerebellar theory and the magnocellular theory. The former one is that the dyslexics cerebellum is mildly dysfunctional and that a number of cognitive difficulties ensue, whereas the latter one postulates that the magnocellular dysfunction is no restricted to the visual pathways but is generalized to all modalities (Ramus et al, 2003). These three theories do not contradicted each other but potentially compatible. When it refers to the cognitive level, three theories imply a processing deficit. Fast temporal processing may be a basic characteristic of all perceptual systems, visual as well as auditory, object-based as well as speech-based. On the other hand, the slower-than- normal perceptual processing might affect the development of a phonological system (Frith, 1997). 1.3 Conclusion   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Any definition should be seen as a hypothesis and to be rejected if future findings disprove it. As Tim Miles said that, a diagnosis of dyslexia is, in effect, a sort of bet. The definition in the framework of biological, cognitive and behavioral level within the interaction of cultural influences depict the dyslexia as a neuro-developmental disorder with a biological origin, which affects speech processing with a range of clinical manifestations (Frith, 1997). In this definition, it appears that the cognitive level of description provides a unifying theory of dyslexia. Such a theory is necessary to pool together the numerous different observational strands in this most intriguing and subtle disorder.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  After the discussion of definition issues in dyslexia, we turn to focus on the approval that dyslexia has its genetic basis. We will first look at the study of heritability in dyslexia and then to talk about the genetic findings for supporting dyslexia has a genetic basis.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The rapidly accumulating evidence suggests that developmental dyslexia is one of many common familial disorders. The genetic explanations of dyslexia are rather convinced by research that uses the newly genetic techniques and statistical methods in the genetic study of dyslexia. Although most findings cannot be replicated as there are many variants need to be identified. We still can believe that dyslexia has a genetic basis by the evidence of the genetic study of dyslexia. 2.1 Famaliality of Dyslexia   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The question of whether dyslexia has a genetic basis has been studied for a very long time. Numerous researches have been conducted. Among them, there are a number of findings that suggest developmental dyslexia is hereditary. Orton in 1925 hypothesizes that children born in a family of dyslexia have great chance of being dyslexia. According to a recent estimation made by Gilger, Pennington and Deferies in 1991, the risk of a son with a dyslexia father to be a dyslexia is approximate 40% and about 36% if the mother is dyslexia. Moreover, if both parents are affected, the risk and severity of dyslexia in the child would greatly increase. Nevertheless, for the girls, this ratio is relatively lower, at about 20% regardless of the gender of the affected parent (Childsfinucci,1983;DeferiesDecker,1982;Pennington,1991).However,the higher familial aggregation of reading problems is insufficient to prove that dyslexia has genetic basis. The environment shared by families a re strongly influence their reading ability. 2.2 Twins Studies   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The twins studies can help us understand the complexity of the interaction between genes and environment in some degree. The first kind of twin studies is the comparison of concordance rates that could evaluate the hereditary basis of dyslexia as a clinical condition. The second evaluates the reading performance of twins for estimating heritability coefficient by analyzing various indicators of reading performance. Thus, it is important to diffrentiate these two types of twin studies.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the first kind of twin study of dyslexia, researchers compared the concordance rates in monozygotic (MZ) twin pairs the identical twin pairs and dizygotic(DZ) twin pairs the fraternal pairs. Regression counted in the research dues to the assessment of environmental factors and its interaction with genes in reading disabled. The results show that at least one member of every pair had reading problems. Moreover, MZ has a higher concordance for reading disability than in DZ twin pairs (Hermann, 1959; Zerbin-Rudin, 1967;Decker and Vandenberg,1985). By comparing the findings of the concordance rates in twin pairs we can imply that developmental dyslexia has a genetic aetiology.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the second type of twin pairs, a vast number of studies have reported MZ and DZ twin correlations for various measures of reading performance (Grigorenko, 1996). MZ correlations implied the presence of genetic influence through the comparison with DZ correlations. However, heritability estimates are varied. Some of the variability can be due to the fact that the sample size of those main researchers was relatively small. In addition, some twin studies suggest that only certain reading-related skills are inherited. Thus it has been shown that word recognition, phonological coding show important genetic influence, whereas reading comprehension and orthographic coding do not (Olson, Wise,Conners,Rack,Fulker, 1989). Because the latter one significantly influenced by the environmental factors. 2.3 Pattern of Transmission of Dyslexia   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Researchers had conducted a number of segregation analyses, fitting different statistical models corresponding to various patterns to investigate the transmission of genes in families with reading disability. Some observers have concluded that familial dyslexia is transmitted in an autosomal (not sex-linked) dominant mode (Childs Finucci, 1983; Hallgren, 1950), whereas others have found only partial (Pennington et al.,1991) or no support for an autosomal or codominant pattern of transmission. These findings were interpreted as suggesting that specific reading disability is genetically heterogeneous (Finucci et al.,1976; Lewitter, DeFries, Elston, 1980). In here, Quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping also has been applied (Cardon et al., 1994;Fulker et al.,1991) in order to localize individual genes that contribute to the development of dyslexia. 2.4 Genetic Localization   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The researchers passionately set an ultimate goal of genetic study that is to locate and isolate the responsible gene for dyslexia. Once the genes responsible for dyslexia is located, the protein product encode by the gene may permit a physiological explanation for its role in normal processes or diseases and finally contributed to a gene therapy for dyslexic. However, some researchers like Snowling (2000) consider the location of genes is a wide goose chase. The human genome has a rough estimation of about 35 000 genes which distributed over 3 billion bp of DNA and half of them is related to brains. Even when researchers limited the number of candidate genes to screen by using different biological hypotheses, they still need to work with thousands of genes. Thus, considering the risk of failing to match any given hypothesis, researches adopt the linkage and association analysis these two types of mapping strategies. The principle underlying both genetic linkage a nd association mapping is to test for non-random relations between phenotypic similarity across many individuals and haplotype sharing between them. With more generations the analysis become more powerful and accurate because each meiosis provides another opportunity for spurious genotype-phenotype relations to decompose. Linkage analysis refers to the analysis of individuals for whom family relations are known, whereas association analysis is used for large samples of unrelated individuals. Now, linkage analysis is generally less effective than association analysis in detecting genotype-phenotype relations within a study sample size. However, linkage mapping can be done with much fewer genetic markers and is hence easier to use in practice than association analysis. Genome-wide linkage can be carried out by analysis of about 400 highly polymorphic DNA markers. By contrast, association mapping has the power to focus on the specific causal DNA variants that influence phenotype variab ility but in most case it must use much more times that use to analyse DNA polymorphisms then linkage mapping used.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Using current molecular techniques of linkage analysis to carefully study selected family trees of dyslexic individuals in which developmental dyslexia reoccurs in different generations, some early results showed that a major gene for dyslexia was located on the short arm of chromosome 15 (Pennington et al.,1991;Smith, Pennington, Kimberling, Ing,1990). Fulker and his colleagues in 1991 replicated the same result of chromosome 15 though selecting a sample of siblings with reading problems in the study of original extended-family. Others like Lubs in 1991, Rabin in 1993 and Cardon in 1994 did not find the same results.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  From a recently review of genetic study of dyslexia, we can see that the candidate genes DCDC2 the double cortin doman containing protein 2 and K1AA0319 show strongest links to the dyslexia among severely affected individuals. However, the candidate genes chromosome 15 and ROBO1 roundabout Drosophila Homolog of 1, which were identified through breakpoint mapping in Finnish patients, seem to be less involved in the development of dyslexia across different populations. However, their research is limited to a few families in the Finnish population and to date, no specific cognitive processes are known to be influenced by the proposed susceptibility genes. Some studies have already started to include neurophysiological and imaging procedures in their phenotype characterization of patients. The molecular genetic studies conducted so far have not considered gender-specific genetic effects. A satisfactory power to detect such effects can be provided only when gender is t aken into account during the analysis of results, and this should be a feature of future studies (Schumacher et al, 2008) 2.5 Conclusion   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Although, scientific research has yet to prove that dyslexia is a gentic disorder, many researchers and evidence have show that it is a high possibility. In my opinion, dyslexia is a genetic disease and its symtoms can be aggravated or mitigated by the environment. Nevertheless, more research into the correlationship of the genetic factor and the environment needs to be conducted to verify this claim. Reference: Beaton,A.A(2004). Dyslexia, Reading and the Brain: a sourcebook of psychological and Biological Research. East Sussex: Psychology Press. Francks.C, MacPhie,L.I, Monaco,P.A(2002). The genetic basis of dyslexia. Lancet Neurology 2002, 1, 483-490. Frith.U(1999). Paradoxes in the definition of dyslexia. Dyslexia, 5, 192-214. Hulme. C,Snowling.M(1997). Dyslexia: biology, cognition, and intervention. San Diego: Singular Pub. Miles,E.(1995).Can there be a single definition of dyslexia? Dyslexia, 1, 37-45. Raskind, H.W (2001). Current understanding of the genetic basis of reading and spelling disability. Learning Disability Quarterly, 24(summer), 141-157 Olson, R.K(2002). Dyslexia:nature or nurture. Dyslexia, 8(3), 143-157 Ramus. F, Rosen.S, Dakin,C.S, Day,L.B., Castellote,M.J., White.S Frith.U(2003). The theories of developmental dyslexia: insights from a multiple case study of dyslexic adults. Brain, 126, 841-865. Sladen,K.Brenda(1970). Inheritance of dyslexia. Annals of Dyslexia. 20(1), 30-40. Snowling,J.M(2000), Dyslexia. Massachusettes: Blackwell Publishers Ltd. Siegel,L.S.(1992). An evaluation of the discrepancy definition of dyslexia. Journal of Learning Disabilites,25, 618-629. Sternberg,J.R Spear-Swerling.L(1999). The perspectives on learning disabilities. Colorado: Westview Press. Schumacher. J., Hoffmann. P, Schmal. C, Schulte-Korne. G, Nothen,M.Markus(2007). Genetic of dyslexia: the evolving landscape. J med Genet 2007, 44, 289-297. Wood, B. F., Grigorenko, L.E (2001). Emerging issues in the genetics of dyslexia: a methodological preview. Journal of learning disabilities, 34(6), 503-511

citizen kane Essays -- essays research papers

Citizen Kane   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the movie Citizen Kane , young Charles Foster Kane is very energetic, optimistic and has a very positive outlook on life. At the same time he hates his old and bitter guardian, Mr. Thatcher, who has secluded himself from the everyday man and the only thing he is after is money and stature. Later on in life Charles Kane turns into an exact carbon copy of Mr. Thatcher, even though that is exactly what he wanted to get away from. In this essay I will prove how the used of sound, in the scenes in Thatcher ¡Ã‚ ¦s library and Xanadu, as compared to the earlier scenes in young Kane ¡Ã‚ ¦s newspaper office, help establish this development in Kane ¡Ã‚ ¦s character.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The scene in Thatcher ¡Ã‚ ¦s library starts off with the attendant being on the phone when the reporter walks in to talk to her. The non-diegetic sound is scary and creepy at the same time. It sounds very unwelcoming and gives the impression of Mr.Thatcher as being the bad guy and his library not a good place to be. At first glance we can see that it is a big hall with a huge statue of Mr. Thatcher. The floors are made out of marble and the first impression the audience gets of the room is that, it is very dark, cold and has a gloomy feel to it. The voices of the reporter and the attendant echo in the hall that gives us the impression of the place being very uninhibited and very uninviting, just as the personality of Mr. Thatcher. Once the reporter goes throug...

Commercial Vices :: essays research papers

Commercial Vices   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The commercial vices are gambling, prostitution, and drugs. The appeals of the commercial vices are so strong and widespread that attempts to prohibit them in western countries have always failed.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The evils of these vices are threefold: Those who practice them suffer, the criminals who sell them prosper, and the enforcement organizations are expensive, unsuccessful, and often corrupt.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Two commercial vices have been accepted as unstoppable, but there evils have been minimized by legalization and regulation. These are the particular drug, alcohol, and gambling. Ethyl alcohol, the drug in beer, whiskey, and wine does more harm is causing accidents, overdose deaths, job failures, broken homes, and violence than all other drugs combined.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The United States attempted to prohibit alcohol and failed. The Mafia made its money by bootlegging alcohol. The gangsters of the twenties and thiries were in the alcohol business just as the drug peddlers of today are in the drug business. Both settled trade disputes with gun fire. When alcohol prohibition was repealed and sale by licensed dealers was instituted, the Mafia went out of the liquor business and the revenue agents assigned to stop the illegal business went out of business too. The quality of regulated liquor became assured and taxed, not high enough to motivate bootlegging, became a source of public revenue. Consumption of legal alcohol became only slightly greater than the consumption of illegal alcohol had been.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  If we follow the alcohol example with all other drugs, the benefits will obtain. Much more than that, the temptation of the forbidden fruits will disappear. The jailing of petty drug pushers will stop, together with their training as future serious criminals in the crime schools which are jails. If we transfer the huge sums wasted on efforts and on punishment to serious education and rehabilitation programs, the drug problem will retreat to the trivial level it was fifty years ago.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  At one time all but private gambling at home was illegal. So the Mafia ran the numbers rackets and secret games and the bookmaking where law abiding citizens did their unstoppable gambling. Now governments run lotteries and license and supervise casinos so the gangsters are largely out, cheating in minimal, and governments earn revenue instead of paying police.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Prostitution is an even more emotional problem. Addiction to sex is genetic, permanent, and deprivation has many more penalties. Prostitution is the worlds oldest profession. Here, again, legalization and regulation in Nevada was already eliminated the pimps and gangsters and reduce the police

Haunted House in Maine Essay -- Ghost Stories Urban Legends

Haunted House in Maine The story I collected entails a house in Maine that was experiencing strange occurrences with no reasonable explanation. The ostensible answer was a supernatural presence. The story was recounted by a family member trying to remember how the story went. It was told to her when she was younger, and she heard the story first hand from her relatives who experienced the phenomena. While telling me the story many years later, she remembered many details and events. My relatives who live in Maine had a ghost in their house. They started hearing foot-steps around their house and they think it was the previous owner of the house; I can’t remember his name, but he died. One of the stories was their younger daughter asks her mom, â€Å"who was that man who tucked me in last night†. They heard some foot falls in the attic. The daughter kept waking up in the middle of the night and the music box kept opening. Once, the wife was doing laundry in the middle of the night, felt something on her back and heard foot steps in the room and she freaked out. Often they would return home to new wood being put in the fireplace even though it was never used and behind locked doors. They eventually said out loud, â€Å"Please leave† and foot steps were heard walking out of the house and no other events occurred. While the story was told, there were many pauses while the storyteller tried to remember details of the haunting. She made few gestures; the majority of the story involves separate actions performed by the ghost without a constant plot. This fragmented tale left little in the form of suspense and presented the tale as a factual occurrence and not merely a performance being put on by the teller. While looking into other acc... ...ween the house that he loved so much and a burning desire to continue living there. From his continuous loyalty to the house, this story suggests one’s presence lingers on in the places where you dedicate your life, even after you’re gone. The owner continues to feed the fire and look after the inhabitants. He doesn’t leave the house until they ask him to, suggesting a pleasing spirit which is unconcerned with its own needs. This unique story of a residence being haunted only until the ghost is asked to leave creates a different image from the typical ghost haunting until the inhabitants are driven crazy. The residents thought the ghost more of an annoyance than a threat, and when they asked him to leave; he did so without a fight. By performing no physical harm to any of the individuals and being mostly just foot steps in the dark, this was not a typical haunting.

Comparison Between Ipad and Galaxy Tab

Maria Andrea Trujillo Villatoro A01321564 Homework COMPARISON BETWEEN IPAD 3 AND GALAXY TAB 2 Tablets are portable, slim, internet-connected computers. They are bigger than smart phones but operate in a similar way with touch screens and downloadable apps. They generally differ from laptops and net-books by having no built-in keyboard, and being thinner and lighter. Tablets are primarily designed for interactive entertainment, whether that’s listening to music, watching movies, reading e-books, playing games or surfing the web.If we compare the iPad 3 and the Galaxy Tab 2, we can notice that the iPad 3 has a 4:3 aspect ratio Retina display while the Galaxy Tab has a widescreen display. The iPad 3 still retains the 9. 7-inch screen, but the pixels are the double now, reaching 1536 x 2048 pixels. The high amount of pixels gives a better visual experience, including sharper images and text. In addition, the 4:3 aspect ratio display works well in browsing the webpages compared to a widescreen display. You are able to view more content on the screen without scrolling the page down.Additionally, the iPad 3 has a better rated camera compared to the Galaxy, because the Ipad has 5 megapixels while the Galaxy has 3. 15-megapixels. Plus, it is equipped with a 2. 4 aperture lens that allows more light to hit the image sensor, resulting in clearer and sharper images. The camera is also capable of recording a 1080p full HD video which its competitor could not. The iPad 3 also offers LTE support in addition to the usual 3G and WiFi connectivity. Despite having a bigger battery capacity, Ipad is 11560 and Galaxy is 7000 mAh.The Ipad is still thinner than the Galaxy Tab 2 (10. 1). On the other hand, the Galaxy Tab 2 is great for watching movies with its widescreen display. Unlike the iPad 3, it has a microSD card slot that accepts cards up to 32GB. Each tablet is running on their respective operating system. The iPad 3 runs on iOS 5. 1 and the Galaxy Tab 2 runs on Androi d 4. 0. Both are equally powerful platforms, and it is subject to the individual’s preference to pick either one. Pricing-wise, expect the iPad 3 have a steeper price than the Galaxy Tab 2.The Galaxy Tab 2 (10. 1) is definitely a decent tablet for the price-conscious, but those who expect more from a tablet should go for the iPad 3. In conclusion I think that like all electronics, any tablet has pros and cons. Among the pros we can found that they are very portable, easy to handle, quickly to switch on, lots of apps to choose and more and the cons can be that they are quite expensive, some don’t have 3G connectivity and typing is not as easy as on a laptop, but now this devices have become very common among people.

Core Knowledge

Core Knowledge Using what you learned about brain development in Chapter 4, explain why intensive intervention for poverty-stricken children starting in the first 2 years has a greater long-term impact on IQ than intervention at a later age. A child’s brain development is very critical in its first 2 years. A childs brain develops dramatically during the first 2 years. â€Å"During the first two years neural fibers synapses increase at an outstanding pace.Because of developmenting neuron requires space for these cognitive structures a surprising aspect of brain growth is that as synapses form many surrounding neurons die 20-80 percent, depending on the brain region. † When a child is living in a low poverty environment it affects the child’s brain since the neurons are not being stimulated by their caregivers. Looking at a caregiver who does not interact with a child a young age the child will have less interaction with a person. This correlates with a child†™s IQ. When neurons are seldom stimulated they lose their synapses in a process called synaptic pruning.About 40 percent synapses are pruned during childhood. â€Å"About half of brains volumes consist of gilal cells which are responsible for myelination. The Development through the lifespan book talks about children who are adopted have a greater chance to better nutrition and health. The book also talks about stress. Chronic stress of early deprived orphanage rearing disrupts the brains capacity to manage stress, with long-term physical and psychological consequences. Reference Berk, L. (2009) Development through the lifespan. Allyn & Bacon; 5 edition. 2009

Make an Ethical Referral

UNIT 2 (COVER SHEET 3) MAKING AN ETHICAL REFERRAL 2. 1 Quite often, a counsellor’s role is to assess and refer clients on to more appropriate help. Sometimes a client needs specialist counselling or a different approach and it is up to the counsellor to make this transition as smooth as possible for the client and to manage the process as sensitively as possible. The counsellor needs to take responsibility for making all arrangements but the client should also be empowered. SOURCES FOR REFERRALIts good practice for a counsellor to keep an up to date file of local and national agencies. A network of personal links is also important as it can help to instil a more human/caring element within a potentially anxiety provoking situation. PROCEDURE: The procedure for referrals differs from agency to agency but possible ways of managing this are: * Contact the agency concerned and find out about referral and appointment procedures. Be clear in your own mind, possibly after conferring with the help-seeker, what information you will pass to the agency in any discussion that arises during a telephone call. Contact the agency by telephone whilst the help-seeker is with you so that you can hand over to him to make the appointment after you have made the initial enquiry. * Write a referral letter to the agency. You could send a copy to the client so that he knows the letter has been sent to the agency. You might consider drafting the referral letter with the client so that he/she agrees the content Whatever the process of referral it is a time of contemplation and reflection for all involved.Confidentiality, boundary issues, supervision and adherence to laws/codes of practice need to be taken into account. 2. 3 When you suggest referral the help-seeker needs to understand that this is not a rejection. Many help-seekers have been passed from pillar to post and despair of genuine help being available, so they may feel cynical and/or rejected. It’s also possible t hat, having shown considerable courage to get this far, they feel daunted by approaching someone else and starting all over again.It is important to explain the reason why the referral is necessary and assure the client that their personal information will be help in confidence. The client also needs to be assured that the referral agency are the best placed to further their progress and ultimately that the referral is valid and necessary. 2. 4 When you engage with a client for a number of sessions you have a choice between an immediate (date/time defined) ending and a phased ending. A phased ending can take different forms: * A planned ‘weaning off’ (longer intervals between sessions) * An open door policy Endings with a follow up some weeks/months later Difficulties that clients may have with endings are: * Client is emotionally upset * Client is reluctant to end the sessions * If the ending is abrupt or unexpected * Client breaks the contract and sessions are ended W ithin the endings process you need to draw upon what you know about his/her attitude and experience of endings. For many people it’s a relatively small issue – if they are fairly self-supporting and motivated they probably move on with little regret.For others it’s a much bigger event. A Counsellor needs to ensure to flag that the end is drawing close and to give an opportunity for the client to comment on how he feels about the end. The longer the contact you’ve had, the more time you want to allow for this discussion and the earlier it needs to happen. Although you need to make the time limit clear in the initial contract, both counsellor and client are sure to have feelings about the ending of even short-term work.The extent of feelings probably relate to the intensity of the work and the investment in it by each party. Preparation for the ending should include: * Recognition of where the client is now (positive and negative) * A decision about the rea son for the ending (planned or immediate) * Goodbyes 2. 5 Supervision is an important part of the referral process and should be used to facilitate and explore how the process should be managed, how the client will react and how the counsellor will feel about the ending.I think as a counsellor you should have a prior understanding of how you feel the client will/is reacting to the ending of the helping relationship and the supervisor can draw upon his/her experience as to how the process should be best managed. I think as a counsellor, particularly when the ending has been abrupt or ‘premature’ may experience feelings of inadequacy or failure for not helping the client to overcome their presenting issues. I think a supervisor will be able to empathise and advise on the situation and how to frame it within your mind.The supervisor will advise how to end the relationship in a systematic way as positive as possible. 2. 6 Reasons for referral may be: Because the counsellor: * Has a personality clash with the client * Is out of their depth in terms of professional limits * Lacks experience to help the client further * There are boundary issues with knowing the client/friends of client on a personal basis * The clients issue is triggering issues within the counsellor * There is a clash of beliefs/values/culture that cannot be overlooked in terms of empathy Because the agency: Has time limits/limited sessions * Has a policy complication relating to clients issues * Does not deal with certain areas of counselling Because the client: * Needs/wants a different type of counsellor or other type of care * Has issues around availability/accessibility * Needs/wants a different package of care 2. 7 The BACP guidance relating to ethical referrals are that: * All referrals should be discussed with the client in advance and the client's consent obtained both to making the referral and also to disclosing information to accompany the referral.The referral should benef it the client, all confidential information should be protected during referral and the service/counsellor must be capable. * Prior to accepting a referral a practitioner should ensure that the referral is appropriate, will benefit the client and that the client is consenting. If the referrer is ultimately responsible for the client then they can receive update reports providing the client is consenting

Market Structure / Supply & Demand Essay

Monopoly – one person or company dominates provision of a particular product or service, in the absence of competitors. Consumers do not have a choice for provision of the product in question. A monopoly can ‘call the shots’ on their product (price, availability etc.) as there is no alternative on offer to consumers. Monopolists tend to produce a limited number of product which are then sold at a high price (there is no need to compete). (Control of demand) The British Government seeks to restrict the behaviour of monopolies, so preventing unfair business behaviours. Oligopoly – a small number of dominant firms or individuals compete to provide a product or service. Competition is limited and as a result, very closely related. Everything a competitor does directly affects your business. E.g. If one company drops its prices all the other businesses in the oligopoly are affected. Business decisions must always consider competitor’s influence / reaction. An oligopoly may agree to maintain artificially high prices – technically illegal but difficult to prove if nothing is in writing. Duopoly – taken literally a duopoly means 2 firms control a market. In reality is usually means that 2 firms dominate a market by having the biggest share in it. Examples of duopolistic markets include Coca Cola and Pepsi as dominant suppliers of soft drinks. There are many competitors in the field but Coke and Pepsi have such a huge share of the market that they don’t usually see them as competition or influence on their business decisions. Perfect competition – theoretical – as are all the above definitions. Multiple providers offer a wide choice to a broad spectrum of consumers. Consumers benefit from freedom of choice and businesses competing for their  custom through competitive pricing and customer service. Supply and Demand The concept of supply and demand is at the heart of a market economy. Prices, earnings, and the supply of goods is determined by the demand for it by consumers. Demand – In economic terms this is the amount of a product (or service) desired by consumers. Supply – The quantity of a product or service a producer is willing to make available to consumers and the price at which they want to sell that product. Demand Curve – a graph showing the correlation (or demand relationship) between the price of a product or service and how many consumers would desire it at different prices (if all other variables are unchanged). It is an attempt to quantify preference. I.e. how much a consumer is willing to pay for something and at what point the cost outweighs the desire. Companies may use this demand relationship as a pricing guide and to determine how much of a product to manufacture, which in turn indicates the level of resources required. The simplest interpretation which can be drawn is that as prices rise, demand drops and vice versa. As we can see from the graphic above, at point A the highest price (P1) reflects the lowest quantity demanded (Q1). Conversely, at point C the number of units in demand (Q3) is much greater when the price (P3) is considerably lower. The downward slope of the curve reflects a negative relationship between price and quantity demanded. I.e. as one factor rises, the other drops and vice-versa. Variables other than price affecting demand. Demography – the statistical make up of consumers (age range, income bracket, education, political persuasion etc.) all influence the demand for goods and services. Income – a rise in income often correlates with a rise in demand for a good. The exception to this is if a good is considered ‘inferior’ – a rise in income may result in a switch to goods considered to be of higher quality. (e.g. ‘plonk’ to fine wine) Substitutes –  Supply Curve The basic premise from the supplier’s point of view is that the higher the price a good can be sold for – the more a business will be willing to supply. References Bized.co.uk. 2014. Biz/ed – Interactive Supply and Demand 1 | Biz/ed. [online] Available at: http://www.bized.co.uk/learn/economics/markets/mechanism/interactive/part1.htm [Accessed: 8 Apr 2014]. Heakal, R. 2014. Demand Curve. [image online] Available at: http://i.investopedia.com/inv/tutorials/site/economics/economics3.gif [Accessed: 8 Apr 2014]. Heakal, R. 2014. Supply Curve. [image online] Available at: http://i.investopedia.com/inv/tutorials/site/economics/economics4.gif [Accessed: 8 Apr 2014]. —————- BBC News. 2014. Economy tracker: Inflation. [online] Available at: http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/10612209 [Accessed: 7 Apr 2014]. HM Treasury, HM Revenue & Customs. 2013. Government incentives help 1,100 companies lift off. [press release] 7 November 2013. Staff, I. 2012. Economies Of Scale Definition | Investopedia. [online] Available at: http://www.investopedia.com/terms/e/economiesofscale.asp [Accessed: 8 Apr 2014]. http://www.etoro.com/blog/etoro-voice/19112013/8-things-investors-watching-google/?dl=30001303&utm_medium=Media&utm_source=46599&utm_content=6579&utm_serial=google3.aspx&utm_campaign=google3.aspx&utm_term=http://paid.outbrain.com/network/redir

Critical Analysis of Lisbon Treaty Literature review

Critical Analysis of Lisbon Treaty - Literature review Example The Lisbon Treaty came out as the amendment of the existing EU treaties to address concerns of the group of countries and people, who had earlier rejected the constitution treaty, for the option of the retaining their national sovereignty. It was signed on 13 December 2007, by the EU leaders in Lisbon after thorough work out at intergovernmental conference, previously held in July the same year (Archick and Mix, 2010, p. 3). Lisbon treaty worked towards clarifying the responsibilities and the way forward for the EU, and clearly informing the society of its main objective as an institution. Most of the proposed plans intended to be approved in the constitution treaty were reflected in the Lisbon treaty. According to Archick and Mix, â€Å"analysts assessed that over 90% of the substance of the constitutional treaty had been preserved in the Lisbon Treaty† (2010, p. 3). In the treaty, issues of EU legal personality, which extend to emphasize the concept of individuals from EU me mber states to be EU citizen, are addressed as stated in article 8 of provisions on democratic principles in Lisbon treaty. It also paved way for changes in voting system to embrace Qualified Majority Voting (QMV) in effective decision making. Two extra posts exist created in the treaty for the permanent president of the European council and foreign policy post. The structural change in the EU commission altered the decision process of the EU council, giving new power to the European parliament, extending ECJ powers into home affairs and in return, affecting areas in judicial, human rights, and foreign policies (civitas.org.uk, 2011). The Lisbon treaty could have been effective much earlier, but some EU member states delayed the ratification of the treaty till 2009, when all the member states gave their approval. Democratic Deficit The European Union institutional structure has been accused of lacking proper procedure in decision making, which affects all member states once an issue is approved or rejected. Some countries and regions have no influence in the decisions made, which only end up being under the control of powerful states. The Lisbon treaty has been termed as one strategy in an attempt to cure democratic deficit in the European Union. However, even if the treaty has been ratified, some countries have done so in conditions that for some areas of application, they have an option to rely on their individual consent as a nation. According to Klenanc, democratic deficit occurs when the competence shifts from a national level to a supranational level, preventing smooth integration of the EU (2011, p. 14). The council of European Union and European commission, European parliament, European Central Bank, and European court of justice has been exercising specific powers, enough to block one group from being considered in reaching at a crucial decision. As a result, the institutions can be termed to lack accountability, and for some, the legitimacy as indivi dual member states. European Parliament before the Lisbon Treaty The European parliament has always been on evolution, seeking to strengthen its powers in several legislative areas. As many perceived it, it only began as a deliberative organ with few national members as delegates, but later recognized as the only European organ with

Marketing Plan of Skyvision Airlines Research Paper

Marketing Plan of Skyvision Airlines - Research Paper Example As part of business expansion, the Skyvision Airline is planning to enter full service airline operations. As the company is a key player in the industry, it has wider access to a range of potential resources including human and finance and this capability would be assistable for the organization to deal with business expansion activities. In addition, the company has an expert team of aircraft technicians and engineers, and therefore designing full service airlines may not be a difficult task for the firm. The Skyvision Airlines offers additional services including rent a car, hotel accommodation, and other amenities that can be booked online through the company’s website. Executive summary of marketing plan As the company focuses on a full service airline, high income groups would be the main target segments since low and middle class people may depend on low-fare discount carriers. The company will target customers on the basis of their tastes and specifications. Big players in the US airlines industry including Southwest Airlines and JetBlue Airlines are identified to be the potential competitors to Skyvision Airlines. In addition, the increased pressures from lower cost competitors may also raise serious threats to the company. While analyzing the services offered by the company, it seems that the firm has a range of potential advantages over its competitors. Like the most full service airlines, the Skyvision Airlines also operates aircrafts with cabins that have different three classes of services. The company management has budgeted one billion for this service plan implementation. However, the management is willing to raise additional finance if it becomes necessary. The Skyvision Airlines offers its services in economically as well as technologically developed regions to attract more urban customers. The company has a large number of flight services to industrially developing countries like India and China where thousands of people travel by air every day. As the company offers the full service airlines for the first time, it will charge a relatively lower price at initial stages. Stiff competition from low cost competitors also pressurizes the company to reduce its fare margins. The management has decided to raise its price margins once customers are attracted by its service quality. Description of the target market The company mainly plans to focus rich businessmen, business executives, high salaried employees, and other famous personalities including athletes and individuals from film industry. However, the organization will not ignore other classes of people completely as it also provides ordinary cabins. Nowadays women represent nearly fifty percent of nation’s employment sector and therefore it is necessary to target women and men with equal importance. According to IBM, family customers often choose full service airlines as they give first priority to privacy factor; hence, the company will give great emphasis on family customers while framing its promotional strategies. Skyvision Airlines will focus more on people under the age 55, because most of the old aged people are dependent on their younger family members. The firm intends to specifically target businessmen and other famous personalities since they would use airlines services frequently and continue to be the company’

What is the effect of attending a private university versus a public Research Proposal

What is the effect of attending a private university versus a public university in regards to employability following graduation - Research Proposal Example This will be in terms of the benefits they will reap from enrolling in either of the two types of Universities. The citation style that I have used in writing report is the APA style. I chose to use this style because it enables me to provide clear evidence on the research carried out. In other words, it enables me to justify my work through previously published statements. I would like to acknowledge the alumni groups for both Universities that helped me collect the information that this report was based on, the principals for the companies that participated in providing information for the report (names have been kept anonymous), and the alumni themselves for volunteering information through questionnaires or personal interviews that aided in producing this report (names have been kept anonymous). The report on the graduate students leaving the two different universities provides an analysis for their trends on employability after graduating for the last five years. The students analyzed are from the University of North Florida, a public University and Jacksonville University, a private University. These universities have had high rates of students gaining employment in the country within the public along with the private sectors. The trends on employability is influenced by several factors: employers’ preference for the students from either type of university and the demand for university degrees in the employment field among others. The report reveals that both institutions provide large amounts of labor to employers within both sectors of the economy. The report recommends that the government should ensure that all students get equal opportunities in education and employment by ensuring both are accessible and affordable to everyone. It also urges employers to employ students based on their competencies and educational levels.

Figuring out how to deal with china VO1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Figuring out how to deal with china VO1 - Essay Example Despite the challenge, it was important that the company directly entered into the Chinese internet market. Evidently, the Chinese servers do not get all the information they need from Baidu and that is why they opt for Google when they want materials from outside China. It is also evident that the success of Baidu and the apparent failure of Google in China are just but a perception. There are therefore chances that Google can do something to change this perception and experience some success as well by making improvement its content and adopting a Chinese name. Based on the 1997-2005 statistics of internet usage and access in China, the Chinese internet market is large and fast growing. According to information from the China Internet Network Information Center (CNNIC, 2005), Chinese internet market grew from 0 in 1997 to about 10 million by the beginning of 2000. Within the next two years, this had risen to over 35 million and by the second half of 2005, this figure was already over 100 million. At the same time, the number of users with broadband access is rising at an attractive rate. This figure grew to almost five million in its first year, 2002, and by the second half of 2005, it was over 50 million. The rate of growth of broadband users is faster. However, the actual size and growth of the Chinese market is larger than this given that the figures do not include users in Macao, Taiwan and Hong Kong. The figures were also obtained via fixed-line telephones and this means the study did not fully capture the actual market represented by the young people. The Google search service has evolved one that was less reliable to a more reliable search service. Since its establishment, the Google search service aimed at improving offering superior search experiences than those of Yahoo and Vista (Lawrence, 2009). Currently, the search service offers super-fast results that are highly matched and more relevant

Algebraic Reasoning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Algebraic Reasoning - Essay Example For creating interest, the students will see a demonstration using two sets of cubes: one set is red, the other is green. For example, if the number of red cubes on the left side is 8 and the number of green cubes on the right side is 5, how much green cubes must be added to make it 8 and equal to the number of red cubes The teacher will ask the students to write reflective journals on the lesson learned. This should be typewritten. The teacher will gather everything before the next lesson starts. This way, the teacher could offer feedbacks and assess how the students feel about the subject and teaching style. The main motive of this lesson is to make students simplify algebraic expressions. This is a fundamental skill. The lecture will be done within 30 minutes, so that the remaining time will be devoted to answering the worksheet and exercise sets. For creating interest, the students shall watch a short clip of how a jigsaw puzzle looks like when unarranged. When the pieces are put together, a coherent and beautiful picture appears. This will be the analogy that shall be imparted as to why algebraic expressions should be simplified. The teacher shall quickly discuss algebraic axioms and properties. Using these, he shall give simple and difficult examples of expressions that need to be simplified. ... The main motive of this lesson is to make students simplify algebraic expressions. This is a fundamental skill. The lecture will be done within 30 minutes, so that the remaining time will be devoted to answering the worksheet and exercise sets. Standards addressed and expectations of students: Knowledge is imparted via a lecturer. Students will learn by doing. Several easy and difficult examples shall be given, and the fundamental importance of this skill shall be emphasized. Anticipatory Set: For creating interest, the students shall watch a short clip of how a jigsaw puzzle looks like when unarranged. When the pieces are put together, a coherent and beautiful picture appears. This will be the analogy that shall be imparted as to why algebraic expressions should be simplified. Teaching/Instructional Process: The teacher shall quickly discuss algebraic axioms and properties. Using these, he shall give simple and difficult examples of expressions that need to be simplified. The above shall be done in 30 minutes. After which, the students shall be given work sheets to ask. Students are free to ask questions if they encounter problems, or that the nature of a problem is beyond what the teacher has taught. Guided practice and monitoring: The teacher shall provide personalized tutoring during the work sheet activity. Closure: The students shall reiterate the importance of keeping things simple. Independent Practice: The teacher will ask the students to write reflective journals on the lesson learned. This should be typewritten. The teacher will gather everything before the next lesson starts. This way, the teacher could offer feedbacks and assess how the students feel about the subject and teaching style. The teacher will encourage the

M4A2-Conflict Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

M4A2-Conflict - Essay Example Accordingly, the behavior enables the conflicting parties brainstorm on several alternative solutions to a conflict. Another characteristic that is highly correlated to solving conflicts is a high score of conscientiousness in personality. This characteristic is demonstrated through proper planning, time management and level of adherence to predetermined schedules. From the conflict experience, individuals with this behavior are well-organized and desire to achieve in their responsibilities. Accordingly, this personality trait will enable conflict managers to clarify tasks, delegate authority and schedule work processes in order to minimize task confusion in the organization (John, Robins & Pervin, 2010). Another essential behavior is agreeableness trait of personality since it allows an individual to show empathy to other parties that leading to emotional comfort (John, Robins & Pervin, 2010). The trait is critical in ensuring that conflicting parties take responsibility for the sou rces of conflict and forgive each other without harboring any negative emotions (Burger, 2010). Another behavior that is essential in managing conflicts is emotional stability. From the past conflict experience, emotional intelligence leads to emotional stability thus ensuring aggressive behaviors and negative perceptions are control in conflict resolution (John, Robins & Pervin, 2010). I understand the emotional intelligence will encompass self-awareness, self-control, internal motivation and social skills (Burger, 2010). For instance, self-awareness enables a conflicting party to attain self-identity and self-worth thus facilitating cordial relations with other conflicting parties. I believe collaboration and ability to maintain trust between or among the conflict parties is essential in managing conflicts since it facilitates the establishment of cordial relationships and efficient communication (McCrae, 2002). Mutual trust will minimize negative perceptions and suspicions among conflicting parties and enhance goal interdependence (Burger, 2010). Another behavior pattern that is useful in conflict management is ability to maintain calmness and avoid nervousness especially when faced with challenging and new conflict situations. This characteristic enables the conflicting parties to have confidence in one’s ability to deliver a mutually acceptable solution and enhances cooperation. From my value clarification and conflict management self-assessment results, I scored lowly in various realized values. I scored lowest realized values in initiating control to move the conflict through roadblocks. Accordingly, I scored lowest in realized values in positioning one’s thinking in order to influence others’ opinions/decisions. Another lowest score in idealized values was in providing answers, even if unsure if they are correct and making confrontations when needed. From the set of items with lowest realized values, I conclude that my personality and behavioral patterns are ideal for conflict management. Since I score lowly in initiating control to move the conflict through roadblocks, I conclude that I am more open-minded and encourages suggestions of conflicting parties in the process. In this case, I will be capable of exploring alternative solutions and implementing new ideas

Managing Entrepreneurial Enterprises' Individual Entrepreneurship Essay

Managing Entrepreneurial Enterprises' Individual Entrepreneurship Interview - Essay Example I always like seeing things being done the right way and thus, I prefer employing myself in order to control my business my own way. In my business, I can make my own rules without consulting any person except my employees Charantimath, 2006, 23). Secondly, I like being independent with my own goals and objectives that I have set to achieve. Individuality is a characteristic that enables me to be to stand even when faced with challenges without expecting help form any person. Therefore, as an entrepreneur I can be totally independent without sharing profits or losses with anyone. How do you security in your business? I am a goal oriented person. Setting goals gives a person assurance and security at work since, when the goals are accomplished; it implies that it cannot fail at given time. An entrepreneur has to be focused at achieving his or her goals since; a business is driven by the goals (Eric, 2012, 12). Without goals, the employment security of the employer is at stake and can fail anytime. How do you manage to succeed in your business? First I am a disciplined person. I do not waste time on issues that might lead to failure of my business. I am also punctual in my work. I ensure that all my projects are completed within the speculated time. Discipline also helps me to keep deadlines and be serious with every part of the business (Bridge, 2010, 35). It is also a factor that helps me to ensure that there is no wastage of resources in the business. Therefore, as an entrepreneur, I have managed to succeed through ensuring that every line of work is well coordinated without taking any part for granted. How do you manage to keep your business running despite the stiff competition in the technology industry? The main strategy that I use is creativity and innovativeness. Entrepreneurship is all about generating of new and unique ideas in order to challenge those of competitors. For instance, in the technology industry I have to ensure that I am updated on all th e updated technology such as new brands of computers and laptops. I also have to innovate new ways of repairing different parts of the instruments. This helps me to attract new customers and provide them with quality services (Under30CEO, 2010, 65). One character trait that also helps me manage the competition is being a risk taker. As a risk taker, I can take advantage of different opportunities in life without fearing the possible losses. This way I can come up with quality features that can be used in building my business. For instance, purchasing laptops in bulk from foreign countries is extremely risky since; one is never certain if the laptops will be purchased by customers. However, as an entrepreneur, I have to take the risk since; that way I will increase my profits. This character is also supported by the fact that I am an opportunistic person. How do you ensure that, as an entrepreneur, opportunities do not pass you by? I take advantage of the different opportunities that my competitors may be ignoring. This way, my business can thrive above others since I will be equipped with unique ideas (Rex Bookstore, 2012, 45). I am also a thinker; I find my way out of the hard parts of the business that I may face. For instance, if a laptop has been repaired and it is not yet working, as an entrepreneur I have to think of the probable cause of the problem. Therefore, as an entrepreneur I cannot afford to run out of ideas at any one point in time. This has also helped to be above my competitors since; while other companies might tell