The New Jim Crow Incarceration - 1470 Words

Michelle Alexander is a highly celebrated civil rights lawyer, advocate, and legal scholar. In her book, The New Jim Crow: Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness, Alexander discusses the legal systems that seem to be doing their jobs perfectly well but have in fact just replaced one racial caste system with a new one. Cornel West called her book the â€Å"Secular Bible of a new social movement.† In 2011, the NAACP gave her book the image award for best Nonfiction. In this book, she focuses on racial problems in the past as well as the present and argues that the problems are basically the same, if not worse. She uses examples as well as metaphors. Alexander’s research is beautifully done and is very motivating to read. She paints a devastating picture of the new Jim Crow and how it functions in the world we live in. She uses images that make you cringe but at the same time persuades you that it is in fact all true. In her book, Alexander explains that since the Jim Crow laws that legalized segregation have ended, new forms of a racial caste system have been born. â€Å"What has changed since the collapse of Jim Crow has less to do with the basic structure of our society than with the language we use to justify it. In the era of colorblindness, it is no longer socially permissible to use race, explicitly, as a justiï ¬ cation for discrimination, exclusion, and social contempt. So we don’t. Rather than directly rely on race, we use the criminal justice system to label people of colorShow MoreRelatedThe New Jim Crow : Mass Incarceration1370 Words   |  6 Pagesunrecognizable ways that fit into the fabric of the American society to render it nearly invisible to the majority of Americans. Michelle Alexander, in her book, The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness shatters this dominantly held belief. The New Jim Crow makes a reader profoundly question whether the h igh rates of incarceration in the United States is an attempt to maintain blacks as an underclass. Michelle Alexander makes the assertion that â€Å"[w]e have not ended racial caste in America;Read MoreThe New Jim Crow : Mass Incarceration1361 Words   |  6 PagesBook Review Michelle Alexander, The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness The premise of the ‘The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness’ by Michelle Alexander, is to refute claims that racism is dead and argue that the War on Drugs and the federal drug policy unfairly targets communities of color, keeping a large majority of black men of varying ages in a cycle of poverty and behind bars. The author proves that racism thrives by highlighting theRead MoreThe New Jim Crow : Mass Incarceration1477 Words   |  6 PagesThe New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Color Blindness, by Michelle Alexander. The New Press, 2010. 290 pages. Reviewed by Ashlei G Cameron. Michelle alexander is a highly acclaimed civil rights lawyer, advocate and legal scholar. As an associate professor of law at Standford law school, she directed the Civil Rights Clinic and pursued a research agenda focused on the intersection of race and criminal justice. In 2005. Alexander won a Soros Justice Fellowship that supported the writingRead MoreThe New Jim Crow : Mass Incarceration1081 Words   |  5 Pages Michelle Alexander’s The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness outlines how the criminal justice system has systematically designed new methods of discriminating against African Americans. The book advocates for racial justice, specifically, for African Americans and contends they [African Americans] were targeted and subsequently incarcerated, by white voters and public officials, through the War on Drugs campaign. President Reagan and his Administration exploited racialRead MoreThe New Jim Crow : Mass Incarceration1347 Words   |   6 PagesHunter Silver Dr. Kendall Smith English 103-4120 10 November 2015 High Incarceration Rates Due to Racism Racism effects the the high incarceration rates according to Michelle Alexander, the author of â€Å"The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness. This scholar writes about how the civil rights movement has been taken back by the mass incarceration of black Americans in the war on drugs. Alexander also explains how the severe consequences that these black men carry on afterRead MoreThe New Jim Crow : Mass Incarceration1199 Words   |  5 Pagesthose who did read her book The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration In The Age of Colorblindness. Michelle Alexander stated that The most despised in America is not gays, transgenders, nor even illegal immigrants - it is criminals. That was an important quote since the stereotypical criminal in our racially divided America in most cases are those of color also known as blacks. This is why the criminal justice system in the United States promotes the mass incarceration of blacks that can be seen throughRead MoreThe New Ji m Crow : Mass Incarceration Essay1401 Words   |  6 Pages Michelle Alexander’s book, The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness, examines mass incarceration in the United States, why the criminal justice system works the way it does towards minorities, the detriments associated with mass incarceration as it relates to offenders, and much more. In the introduction of her book, Alexander immediately paints the harsh reality of mass incarceration with the story of Jarvious Cotton who is denied the right to vote among other rights becauseRead MoreThe New Jim Crow Mass Incarceration Essay1797 Words   |  8 PagesJim Crow laws are regarded as part of the racial caste system that operated in the Southern and Border States in the years between 1877 and the mid-1960s. Under the series of the anti-black laws, African Americans were treated as inferior and second class citizens. The laws have been argued to have represented the legitimization of the anti-blac k racism in the US. The book The New Jim Crow Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness is written by Michelle Alexander and originally published byRead MoreThe New Jim Crow : Mass Incarceration1547 Words   |  7 PagesSSP101 Final Michelle Alexander is a noble civil rights advocate and writer. She is best known for her 2010 book The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the age of colorblindness. Michelle Alexander writes that the many gains of the civil rights movement have been undermined by the mass incarceration of black Americans in the war on drugs. She says that although Jim Crow laws are now off the books, millions of blacks arrested for minor crimes remain marginalized and disfranchised, trapped byRead MoreThe New Jim Crow : Mass Incarceration Essay1096 Words   |  5 PagesAlexander, Michelle. The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness. New York: The New Press, 2010. Study Questions for â€Å"The New Jim Crow†: 1) What is the relationship between the War on Drugs and the spread of crack cocaine through inner city neighborhoods in the 1980s? President Ronald Reagan officially announced the current drug war in 1982, before crack became an issue in the media or a crisis in poor black neighborhoods. A few years after the drug war was declared, crack

The Break-Up Movie Analysis - 1248 Words

The film starts off with the protagonists’ encounter in a baseball tournament. Invitation communication begins with Gary asking Brooke if she would like to have a hotdog. On relationship meaning level, it reflects Gary’s interest in knowing Brooke. By the end of the tournament, Gary tries to ask her out, exploring the possibilities for a relationship with her. Despite Brooke calling him â€Å"crazy†, she still chuckles and responds to Gary’s pick-up lines, hinting that Brooke is not totally uninterested. It is quickly followed by the opening credits with intimate photos that captured the intensifying communication stage between the protagonists. Their long term commitment takes the form of cohabitation, thus completing the escalation phase of†¦show more content†¦They should show empathy for their partner, and give interpersonal confirmation by endorsement. Instead than exiting completely, the protagonists could take a time out and bring the issue back to the table when both parties are ready. However, instead of coming to a resolution, they enter the social support process by telling their friends about their problems. (This shows that Gary and Brooke lack of communication with each other and might possibly lead to a breakup.)From their conversation, we could infer the conflict management style the protagonists predominately adopt. Brooke seems to take on the competing style as she puts the blames on Gary, hoping that Gary will change and â€Å"he’s gonna come home and apologize.† Initially, Gary avoided conflict by moving into the living room. He then wilfully irritates Brooke with his behaviours, expressing his disagreement in an indirect manner that shuts down discussion. This puts them in a demand-withdrawal sequence, where Brooke makes demand on Gary to apologize, and Gary avoids it by withdrawing. As they each â€Å"punctuate† the cause of the conflict differently, they blame the other party for t heir behaviours. However, when Gary tries to salvage the situation, Brooke makes it difficult by embarrassing him publicly during the couple bowling competition. They even attack each other family members by using the information disclosed in their earlier stage of the relationship, thusShow MoreRelatedFilm Analysis : The Notebook Essay1109 Words   |  5 PagesFilm Analysis Throughout the movie, The Notebook, there were many different aspects that corresponded with the material learned throughout the semester. There were times were you were able to pin point why each problem was faced based on different character backgrounds. As began to watch the movie, you start to understand the culture aspects of each individual by the way they talk and present themselves, which caused many situations to arise. Also, these many situations arise throughout the movieRead MoreThe Break Up1428 Words   |  6 Pagesfactor is interpersonal communication, which couples are able to overlap environments and create a relationship. We reviewed the movie â€Å"The Breakup† and have found the concepts of Integrating, differentiating, and terminating. This movie shows how ineffective communication can dissolve a relationship. The lack of communication is the main factor why Brooke and Gary break up. This couple tends to rely on other people instead of trying to solve the ir problems talking to each other. They avoid talkingRead MoreAnalyzing the Themes in I Now Pronounce You Chuck and Larry1105 Words   |  5 PagesAfter watching the movie I Now Pronounce You Chuck and Larry, I felt enthralled to dive deeper into the topics associated within the movie. So I begin by researching and conducting sociological analysis of the characters’ genders and sexualities. In addition, I will be examining the movie based on gender, socialization, media and evaluating the acceptance and portrayal of gay people in this particular movie. To further increase the depth and validity of the paper, I will be using terminology thatRead MoreThe Cabin Of The Woods985 Words   |  4 Pages‘The Cabin in The Woods’ has been hailed as one of the greatest movie in its genre. Its simplicity can be analysed in various way. As a media student I want to focus more on its critical analysis side rather than simply explanation as an amateur viewer. I have chosen this media text as horror genre in my opinion is worth to look at and I am familiar with it. Horror movies are being produced for decades and its already has its own conventions and codes that I will describe in this essay. ‘TheRead MoreMovie Analysis : Wall E 990 Words   |  4 PagesTaryn Gray Professor Buaas Eng. Comp. II 5 May 2017 Film Analysis Essay Wall-E is an animated science fiction film that was produced by Pixar and directed by Andrew Stanton in 2008. The setting, at the beginning of the movie, is a futuristic depiction of planet earth covered in garbage and filth, which sets the foundation for the environmental message. The creator also uses dancing and music throughout the movie to set the mood for the development of a relationship between Wall-E and Eve. TheRead MoreMovie Analysis : Do The Right1304 Words   |  6 Pagesmost prominent aspects is the camera angle and cinematography. The scene itself is one long take— meaning there are no cuts in the scene which is over a minute and a half. This in itself is significant because it forces the viewer’s attention with no breaks. It shows that Radio Raheem’s story is forward and needs to be listened to without hesitation. His story personifies love and hate, making the two emotions battle and has love win. His brass knuckles with the words â€Å"love† and â€Å"hate† on each hand notRead MoreGirl Interrupted Film Analysis858 Words   |  4 PagesRunning head: AN ANALYSIS OF GIRL, INTERRUPTED. 1 An Analysis of Girl, Interrupted Irvelt Nicolas And Alyssa Reilly College of Staten Island Read More Analysis of the Movie, Daughters of the Dust Essay543 Words   |  3 PagesAnalysis of the Movie, Daughters of the Dust Daughters of the Dust, was a movie about traditions, and the history of the women in a black family carrying these traditions. The movie starts in 1902, in an island where a family has lived for generations, since the slavery times. Part of this family, wants to leave the Island, but another part wants to preserve the traditions staying in the island. So the whole movie is about the struggle of the members of this family, in relation to leavingRead MoreEssay about Developing My Critical Thinking Skills997 Words   |  4 Pagesconfident (re: cocky) in my abilities, so I didnt study for exams and ended up in a bad place part-way through the semester. Thats when you offered an extra-credit assignment that required an analysis on Do The Right Thing. This e-mail is to express my deep gratitude for giving me any credit at all. I recently revisited the movie-- and my analysis -- and it was actually appalling at how poorly developed my analysis was. Instead of analyzing why Spike Lee would portray his characters in a specificRead MoreAnalysis of Pirates of the Caribbean: the Curse of the Black Pearl1051 Words   |  5 PagesAnalysis of Pirates of the Caribbean: The Curse of the Black Pearl Michelle Neitzel February 8, 2010 Analysis of Pirates of the Caribbean: The Curse of the Black Pearl Pirates of the Caribbean: The Curse of the Black Pearl is a 2003 film, which is an entertaining, swashbuckling movie produced by Jerry Bruckheimer. This Walt Disney movie is based on the famous Disneyland and Disney World ride adventure called, of course, â€Å"Pirates of the Caribbean†. Unlike the fun-filled ride at the Disney

Overpopulation Is Not The Issue - 1382 Words

Overpopulation is blamed for many of todays problems around the world including poverty, hunger, and war. In reality, overpopulation is not the issue. In fact, the term â€Å"overpopulation† shouldn’t even be used because it makes one infer that there is too many people on this planet. That, however, is not true. There are plenty of resources to go around and the population may actually be declining instead of growing. Overpopulation will not be an issue for the future of planet Earth because the poverty rate is decreasing, there is plenty of food for everyone, and birth rates are going down. Poverty decreases as population increases. Poverty isn’t a disease its the lack of a thing like darkness. Poverty usually exists when infrastructure†¦show more content†¦A single human being is incapable of solving some of the most basic problems that need to be solved in order for their lives to improve. With community, however, there is an assembly of minds and an increase in labor that allows people to solve a problem and accomplish a harder and more complex task (Episode 4: Poverty). More people actually helps lower poverty rates. People have more opportunities in urban areas to increase education therefore getting a higher paying job and bringing them out of poverty. There is plenty of food to go around, it just isn’t always distributed evenly. â€Å"The world currently produces enough food for everybody, but many people do not have access to it† (What Causes Hunger?). Something along these line was said by both the United Nations Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) and the World Food Programme (WFO). We can grow more food on less land now because of genetically modified plants. Plant breeders have worked to find the best variety of plants that can produce the most and resist disease and other natural problems. Since many plants have been genetically modified, they produce higher yields. We are also able to grow food in places where it has now been able to be grown before. This is because of modern technology such as better irrigation systems, adding nutrients and chemicals to the soils, and finding crops that would better adapt to a

Presently Finding Himself In A Situation †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Presently Finding Himself In A Situation? Answer: Introduction The manager of TripleA Company is presently finding himself in a situation where he is unable to develop a growth strategy for his company. He is facing many difficulties in running the company smoothly and this is mainly due to a particular issue that he has noticed regarding the working attitude of his employees. He is of the opinion that if the situation is not handled and the problems are not redressed, then the company might just go into liquidation in the coming years. Now, the main issue in any research design is the issue of problem identification. Similarly in the case of TripleA Company, the basic problem lies in the proper identification of the cause of the working attitude problem among the employees. There might be many reasons due to which the company employees do not wear the right attitude to work, namely, issues in management, unsuitable work environment, poor promotion or incentive strategies, etc. The task at hand, or in other words, the main objective of this paper is to design a research methodology whereby the main causes behind the working attitude problem of the employees can be identified and the areas where the company can improve so as to enhance the engagement and the performance of the employees can be highlighted or brought to the notice of the top management of the company. Another thing to note is that the working attitude of the employees might look like the real issue to the manager on the face of it. But in reality the problem that the company is facing whereby the overall performance of the employees and with it the performance of the company is failing, might lie elsewhere. So the main objectives of the research design are the following: To identify the causes due to which the company performance is being hampered. To identify the level or area at which the problem is arising. To highlight the areas in which the company management is going wrong and the improvements that can be made by the company to enhance employee engagement and performance. To provide an easy and feasible solution to the problems that will be established from the results of the data analysis. It is a common observation that employees who are dissatisfied with their job, be it for any reason, end up having an undesirable attitude or a negative behavior that can result in the employees underperformance and can hamper the profitability of the company (Meyer, 1997). The study is conducted to ascertain the right method whereby the manager can address the issue at hand. The main objective is to devise the right strategy, the right plan so as to choose the correct method of sampling and the right instrument of data collection which can pin point to the main cause of underperformance and bad working attitude of the employees. Sampling Design Now, since we are dealing with a company that is facing different problems, as stated earlier, first we need to identify the basic areas of problem. In order to do that, we have to devise a sampling method whereby all the different levels of hierarchy in the organization are properly represented so as to study the different levels of management and see wherein the problem lies. The issue might be in the way the top level management works, the middle management works, the bottom management, or a mix or the above. It might be due to lack of communication or trust between the different levels of authority. The flexibility that an employee enjoys in his/her work is found to have a direct effect on their job performance (Richardson, 2014). For this purpose, the right sampling method is the method of Stratified Sampling. Now, stratified sampling is used as a sampling method for populations that do not consist of homogeneous units. In such cases, the population is divided into sub-populations that are more-or-less homogeneous. These sub-populations are known as strata. Then from each stratum, selections are made that form the sample. This type of sampling ensures more accurate estimates where heterogeneous populations are involved (Kothari, 2004). For the purpose of our research, we differentiate between the different stratums based on the level of management that the employee belongs to in order to capture the relationship between the different hierarchies. This sort of stratification will help in making the sample much more representative of the whole company workers. Also, based on these stratums, different issues can be targeted which are more relevant in their own level of management. For example, the communication between the top level management, the directors and managers of the company and the bottom level management, the new recruits or the helping staff might be almost negligible. The higher authorities might be unaware of the distress among the employees. The new recruits and the trainees might be dissatisfied with the work environment or maybe their mentors attitude towards them. There might be problems of different kind all of which together impede the profit making capacity of the company. (Miller, 2014). Theref ore, studying all the different groups is very important in getting an overall picture of what is really going wrong in the company. And this is made possible only with stratified sampling as the method of sampling design. The sample size depends on the workforce of the company. But whatever be the workforce, at least 50% of the workforce should comprise the sample. Since we are talking about a companys performance here and the issue is really crucial since the manager fears the possibility of liquidation in the coming years, we should try to keep the sample size as large as possible and include the opinion of most in order to get more precise estimates and results. For example, lets say TripleA has 3000 employees. These employees are divided according to their levels in the following way: Top level management 50 Middle level management 1000 Bottom level management 1750 Helping staff - 200 So the sampling can be done by considering the different categories as different stratums. And from each of these stratums, we take a certain proportion that forms the sample. Let the proportion be 50. Then from each stratum we take the following numbers: Top level management 25 Middle level management 500 Bottom level management 875 Helping staff 100 So we get a sample of 25 + 500 + 875 + 100 = 1500. If the proportion was taken as 25, then we would get the following numbers: Top level management 13 (rounding off) Middle level management 250 Bottom level management 437 Helping staff 50 So then the sample size would be 13 + 250 + 437 + 50 = 750 Depending on the situation at hand, you might choose different sample sizes. Given, the issue at hand is one of working attitude; a large sample size is more useful. Therefore one should choose a sample which represents the whole workforce proportionally and has a sample size half the size of the population size. Instrument of data collection Data collection is the next step and a very important component of research. The main goal of collecting data is to gather information on certain issues that form the crux of the research study. Based on this information, the data is analyzed and results are drawn. There are many instruments or tools for data collection. Building questionnaires, holding interviews, or simple observation and reading can all be considered as different tools whereby data can be collected for research. Any instrument should been chosen based on how reliable it is as a tool of data collection and how valid it is in providing accurate estimates. For the case at hand, questionnaire seems like an appropriate tool for data collection. There are mainly two forms of questionnaires, structured and unstructured. Structured questionnaires are the restricted ones with a closed form. They are said to be structured in the sense they provide the respondent with questions and a multiple choice for the answers and the r espondent is to check that item which is closest to his/her opinion. Unstructured questionnaires are the open ended type of questionnaires in which the respondents have the liberty to express their opinion and answer in their own words. For the case of the TripleA Company, using structured questionnaire is the most appropriate tool of data collection. Following are the reasons that other tools are not appropriate for the case at hand: Interview: Holding face to face interviews for a large sample size is very time consuming. Also, responses might be biased when questions are asked face to face. In order to capture genuine response, such a method might not always be a good idea. Observation: It will be highly unlikely to get any result out of just observing the situation in the company affairs. A structured questionnaire will be able to bring out the main problem areas among the employees. Knowing their opinion about the company management, the benefits and the incentives provided by the company, and their level of job satisfaction will go a long way in addressing the work attitude problem among them and enhancing their proficiency and productivity. The questionnaire should consist of at least 50 questions on the overall experience of the employees. In this case, a detailed survey is required and so a minimum of 60 questions based on different themes should be framed. After preparing the questions, the questionnaire should be reviewed by a trustworthy and reliable source. An expert opinion should be taken in order to test for the effectiveness and the appropriateness of the survey. The next step should be to conduct a pre-test of the instrument where the sample questionnaire is given to potential respondents so as to improve the quality of the survey, to do away with the errors and the improper wordings and make all the necessary changes based on the opinion of the ones on whom the pre-test is done. Survey Method Sincewe are using a structured questionnaire which allows the respondents to give their opinion in a predetermined construction, it allows for the responses to be converted into statistical data that can be used for proper data analysis. The task at hand is therefore to undertake a quantitative research using survey questionnaire. The selected participants that comprise the sample can be made to take the survey, a questionnaire that includes questions on different themes. The survey will help the manager of the company to focus on the immediate needs of the company and will throw light on the areas for improvement. The questions should be structured in such a way that their answer can be used to draw information on the employees attitude towards work, their assessment of their own performance, their commitment to the company goals, the level of flexibility they have in their work, the overall work environment, the kind of relationship and trust they enjoy with their peers and their s eniors and the level of independence in decision making that they possess and the effect that has on their efforts in work, etc. The main themes that should definitely be featured in the questionnaire are as follows: The work environment/ corporate culture of the company Job satisfaction/ benefits and incentives The stress level of work The work-life balance Training and teamwork Flexibility at work, opportunity for self-improvement and self- development Employee relations Management structure, hierarchy and transparency Pay/Rewards/Recognition Human Resource Communication There are different ways or different scales that can be used to measure and report the responses of the respondents. Based on the question posed, one may use different measures like the measure of agreement or the measure of satisfaction for measuring the response of the participants. Using a 5 point Likert scale is most appropriate in this case. An example of a question using the measure of agreement and a 5 point Likert scale is: Do the managers involve you in the decisions affecting your work? Strongly Disagree Disagree 3. Neutral 4. Agree 5. Strongly Agree Similarly, a measure of satisfaction can also be used depending on the type of question posed and its structure. An example of a question using the measure of satisfaction and a 5 point Likert scale is: Are you happy with the level of efficiency shown by your team members? Very Dissatisfied Dissatisfied 3. Neutral 4. Satisfied 5. Very Satisfied Along with the survey question, there should be a list of items on which general comments can be taken from the participants of the survey. The items should mainly concentrate on the following: Areas that the company feels more efforts can be taken for improvement New initiates that the company has taken for the benefit of its customers or employees and would like an opinion of the employees on the same New initiatives that the company can take for the benefit of the employee While making the survey questions it should be kept in mind that the company has people from different backgrounds who are working at different levels. So, there is a need to have few common questions for all the employees and a section of questions that are particular to the level of post held by the employee. For example, the question given in an above example, as to whether the managers involve the employees in the decisions affecting their work is not appropriate for the top level managers but the employees working under the managers in any project. Similarly the question as to whether the employee is satisfied with the level of efficiency shown by the team members is not meant for the unskilled helping staff. But the question as to whether the employee is happy with the work environment applies to employees of all levels. So a note should be made on the same and separate questionnaires should be made for the employees of different levels. Data Analysis Once the survey is conducted and the participants fill in their responses, the scores got from the Likert scale can be used to conduct statistical tests and data analysis. We can use Microsoft Excel to tabulate the information got from the survey. All the responses got from the employees can be put in a structured format in the excel file. Then you can import the (.xls or .xlsx) file into the software package SPSS for conducting statistical analysis. Once imported to SPSS, we will have a database having the number of variables equal to the number of questions plus two (for the ID of the employee and the gender of the employee). The different tools or methods that can be used for data analysis in this case are as follows: Descriptive Statistics Simple relative frequency tables / Contingency tables Inferential Statistics Hypothesis testing using t-test and ANOVA Regression Analysis Descriptive Statistics The data got from the survey is mainly ordinal data. And hence, the first thing that should be done is create simple relative frequency tables or contingency tables for each of the questions posed or you might just choose the important questions. Based on the frequency tables, we will get an idea of the relative frequency of the different scores on the scale. For example, lets say there were 500 respondents to the question, The Human Resource staff is approachable and responsive when I need any kind of assistance and they responded to the question in the following way: Strongly disagree (1) Disagree (2) Neutral (3) Agree (4) Strongly Agree (5) 42 106 72 41 39 14% 35.33% 24% 13.66% 13% So, we can conclude that 14% of the employee respondents strongly disagree, 35.55% of the employee respondents disagree, 24% of the employee respondents is neutral, 13.66% of the employee respondents agree and 13% of the employee respondents strongly agree to the fact that the Human Resource staff is accessible, approachable and responsive to the needs of the employees. These numbers are random and have been used just for the sake of providing an example. But these percentages give just an overall picture but for more detailed analysis we have to move on to inferential statistics next. In order to make a visual comparison we can use bar graphs. Bar graphs provide an easy way of checking the height of the scores, which basically means seeing the percentage of people choosing different score as their response. Since, the questionnaire was designed to collect ordinal data, using summary measures like mean, median, mode, range and standard deviation will not be an appropriate method for running proper analysis of the data. SPSS commands: Analyze = Descriptive Statistics = Frequencies Graphs = Chart Builder = Bar = Simple bar chart Inferential Statistics In order to draw more meaningful insights and extend the analysis beyond the simple summary measures, we have to use inferential statistics. Inferential Statistics is just a means of inferring information about the population from the sample data at hand. Inferential statistics mainly involves the General Linear Model, which is a family of statistical tests involving the t-test, Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA), regression analysis and others. We can run many hypothesis tests using the above statistical models in order to draw better insights from the data collected from the survey responses. Now, there are different types of t-tests, each used for a different purpose. These are as follows: One Sample t-test: It is generally used to test whether the population mean is equal to a target value. Now, different hypothesis can be framed for using the one sample t-test. Few examples have been listed below. Null Hypothesis: The average job satisfaction level score is equal to 4 (where 4 = satisfied). Alternate Hypothesis: The average job satisfaction level score is not equal to 4 (where 4 = satisfied). Null Hypothesis: The average agreement score regarding team spirit among the employees is equal to 4 (where 4 = agree) Alternate Hypothesis: The average agreement score regarding team spirit among the employees is not equal to 4 (where 4 = agree) Two Sample t-tests: This type of test is used to test whether the difference between the means of two independent populations is equal to a target value. Few examples are given below. Null Hypothesis: The average job satisfaction level is the same between the male and the female employees Alternate Hypothesis: The average job satisfaction level is not the same between the male and the female employees Null Hypothesis: The average work-life balance satisfaction score is the same between the male and the female employees Alternate Hypothesis: The average work-life balance satisfaction score is not the same between the male and the female employees Paired t test: This type of t-test is used to test whether the mean of the differences between paired or dependent observations is equal to a target value. An example is given below. Now, paired t test is useful when you try to find out the effect of some measure taken on a given population. For example, you want to measure the effect of a drug for cholesterol maybe. So you test the difference in the mean cholesterol level before and after the drug use for the same population. So in the case of the TripleA Company, what can be done is the survey can be conducted twice with a time interval of a month, where within the month, based n the conclusions drawn from the reports on the survey results, few measures are taken to address the problems being faced by the employees and improvements are made in some distress areas. Based on these two survey reports, we can try to see whether there has been a change in the working attitude of the employees. Null Hypothesis: There has been a significant change in the attitude towards work of the employees before and after the new measures. Alternate Hypothesis: There has been no significant change in the attitude towards work of the employees before and after the new measures. SPSS Commands: Analyze = Compare Means = One sample t-test Analyze = Compare Means = Independent samples t-test Analyze = Compare Means = Paired samples t-test Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) ANOVA is used as a statistical model in order to capture variations among and between groups. If you want to check whether there is any difference in the average satisfaction levels between the employees of different levels, then ANOVA is the appropriate method. Null Hypothesis: The mean level of satisfaction or agreement is the same for all the groups Alternate Hypothesis: The mean level of satisfaction or agreement is not the same for all the groups You can test for the difference in the mean scores or the mean responses across the different groups for any of the relevant questions that are deemed to be important. SPSS Command: Analyze = Compare Means = One way ANOV Regression Analysis In case you want to test for causation, then regression analysis is a form of inferential statistical tool that can come of great help. If you want to see whether two or more items on the questionnaire are linked and whether one causes the other, using the method of simple linear regression can help answer all your questions. For example, if you want to know whether the level of satisfaction with the pay or incentives program offered to the employee has an effect on the work engagement of the employee, you can test for such causation using regression analysis. Our main objective of this study is to identify the reasons or the causes for the inappropriate working attitude among the employees. In order to do that, we can take the results found from the above tests that are run, on what are the key areas of dissatisfaction and try to see whether those factors have an overall effect on the work commitment, the work performance and the work engagement of the employee. You can also test fo r multi-colinearity in the model, whereby you can find out whether two factors are correlated to each other. Looking at correlation between the different variables can also help in finding out the underlying problem. SPSS Command: Analyze = Regression = Linear All the above analyses are done using the software, SPSS which provides a very convenient way of running t-tests, ANOVA tests and also regression analysis. After running these series of tests, you can draw meaningful insights from the responses collected and form a proper report on the survey data. The report will then help in trying to find out wherein lies the real problem with the employee and what are the ways the performance of the employees and with it that of the company can be improved, so as to avoid the impending liquidation. Summary Now, we summarize the whole study to see the research design that has been proposed in a nutshell. We shall go over the things point wise. Problem Statement: The problem being faced by the manager of TripleA Company was with its employees. Things were not running smoothly in the company and he feared that the company would be liquidated soon. The manager felt that the issue lied in the working attitude of the employees and wanted to address the same. Objective of Study: Now, the objective of the study as stated earlier is to chalk out a research design for the manager so that he can address the above issue regarding his company. So, the main motive is to identify the problem areas of the company and the issues being faced by the employees so that once the problems can be looked into and a solution can be provided, the overall performance of the company will improve. Sampling Design: The method of sampling chosen for running this research was the stratified sampling method. The reason for choosing this method of sampling is because the company employees form a heterogeneous group with people coming from different backgrounds, holding different positions and working at different levels in the company hierarchy. Instrument for Data Collection: The tool chosen the purpose of data collection is questionnaire. It is the appropriate tool for the kind of research at hand. Depending on the quality of the questionnaire, a lot of important information can be collected from the employees which in turn can help pin point to the underlying problems of the company which is hampering its performance. Research Method: The method that can be used for conducting research for this particular case study is survey. Survey is a very popular and convenient way data is collected and the responses got from the survey are a good means of doing research in any field. Data Analysis: For the purpose of data analysis, both descriptive statistics and inferential statistics have been used. In the case of descriptive statistics, we have confined to simple relative frequency tables and bar graphs to get an overall picture of the data collected from the responses. When moving on to the inferential statistics portion, different statistical models like the t-tests, one-way ANOVA, linear regression model can be used. Few things should always be kept in mind while conducting a survey. These are: The problem areas that are highlighted from the survey response should be acted upon by the senior managers. The language of the questionnaire should be simple, clear and precise. No technical and fancy jargon should be used unless really necessary. The anonymity of the participants should be ensured in order to get genuine responses. The questionnaire should be pilot tested. Instructions regarding the questionnaire should be clearly communicated to the participants. The survey can be conducted for a second time in order to see whether attitudes change among the employees in the way of change in responses. References Ahmad, H., Ahmad, K., Syah, I. (2010). Relationship between job satisfaction, job performance attitude towards work and organizational commitment. European Journal of Social Sciences , 18 (2), 257-267. Dawn, L. (2010, November 2). Handling Employee "Attitude" Problems| A Step-by-Step Guide. Retrieved from toolbox.com: https://hr.toolbox.com/blogs/business-fitness/handling-employee-attitude-problems-a-stepbystep-guide-42263 Employee Survey Checklist . (2017). 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